Unit 5

Question 1

True or False, lipids have no true monomers.

Answer 1

true

Question 2

lipids are mostly made up of ______

Answer 2

hydrocarbon chains

Question 3

______ are made up of a glycerol backbone and 3 fatty acids.

Answer 3

triglycerides

Question 4

function of triglycerides is largely _______

Answer 4

energy storage

Question 5

__________ fatty acid carbons have full complement of hydrogen atoms.

Answer 5

saturated

Question 6

_______ fatty acid carbons have at least one carbon-carbon double bond.

Answer 6

unsaturated

Question 7

a _____ bond is where hydrogen atoms are on the same side of the double carbon bond in fatty acids

Answer 7

cis

Question 8

a _____ bond is where hydrogen atoms are on the opposite side of the double carbon bond in fatty acids

Answer 8

trans

Question 9

_______ are the primary molecules of cell membranes

Answer 9

Phospholipids

Question 10

phospholipids are made up of?

Answer 10

Glycerol backbone, 2 fatty acids, and a phosphate group.

Question 11

the tails of a phospholipid(two fatty acids) are hydro_______

Answer 11

phobic

Question 12

the head of a phospholipid (phosphate group) is hydro____

Answer 12

philic

Question 13

_____________ fat has only one double carbon bond

Answer 13

monounsaturated

Question 14

_____________ fat has more than one double carbon bond

Answer 14

polyunsaturated

Question 15

phospholipids have both hydrophobic and hydrophilic parts. meaning they are _________.

Answer 15

amphipathic

Question 16

some things can easily pass through the membrane and some things cannot. the membrane is ________.

Answer 16

selectively permeable

Question 17

_________ are found in cell membranes to help stabilize the membrane.

Answer 17

cholesterol

Question 18

______ proteins go at least partly through the membrane.

Answer 18

integral

Question 19

______ proteins attach to the side of the membrane

Answer 19

peripheral

Question 20

carbohydrate that attaches to a protein in the cell membrane is called a ________

Answer 20

glycoprotein

Question 21

carbohydrate that attaches to a lipid in the cell membrane is called a ________

Answer 21

glycolipid

Question 22

Cell membrane components include ______, ________, _______, and _______.

Answer 22

phospholipid bilayer, cholesterol, proteins, and carbohydrates.

Question 23

Cell membranes are _________ to molecules that are large and/or hydrophilic (polar or
charged).

Answer 23

impermeable

Question 24

Cell membranes are ________ to small, hydrophobic (non-polar) molecules.

Answer 24

Permeable

Question 25

________ is random movement caused by collisions

Answer 25

Brownian movement

Question 26

_______ movement across membrane does not require ATP

Answer 26

passive

Question 27

______ movement across membrane requires use of cellular energy (ATP)

Answer 27

active

Question 28

Molecules move from ___ to ___ concentration

Answer 28

high to low

Question 29

diffusion that does not require the assistance of membrane proteins

Answer 29

simple diffusion

Question 30

diffusion that requires protein carrier specific to one chemical

Answer 30

carrier mediated facilitated diffusion

Question 31

________ diffusion requires a channel protein.

Answer 31

channel mediated facilitated diffusion

Question 32

diffusion of a solvent such as water through specific channel protein or through the lipid bilayer.

Answer 32

osmosis

Question 33

what happens when there is a higher solute concentration inside of the cell than outside

Answer 33

The cell becomes hypertonic

Question 34

what happens when there is a lower solute concentration inside of the cell than outside

Answer 34

the cell becomes hypotonic

Question 35

Uses carrier proteins to move substances against their concentration gradient.

Answer 35

active transport

Question 36

Uses membranous sacs called vesicles to move substances across membrane.

Answer 36

vesicular transport

Question 37

type of active transport that moves substances, including fluids and particles, into a cell

Answer 37

endocytosis

Question 38

the process by which a cell takes in large particles, such as other cells or relatively large particles.

Answer 38

Phagocytosis

Question 39

process that takes in molecules, including water, which the cell needs from the extracellular fluid

Answer 39

Pinocytosis

Question 40

A targeted variation of endocytosis employs receptor proteins in the plasma membrane that have a specific binding affinity for certain substances.

Answer 40

Receptor-mediated Endocytosis

Question 41

The process of moving material out of a cell

Answer 41

exocytosis

Question 42

type of cell signaling that requires direct contact

Answer 42

direct signaling

Question 43

type of direct signaling, signaling between two cells that are in direct contact with one another

Answer 43

Juxtacrine Signaling