Unit 6 Flashcards
Purine bases
Adenine and Guanine
pyrimidine bases
cytosine and thymine
______ is the entire genetic content (DNA) of a cell.
Genome
______ is one molecule of DNA
Chromosome
______ are made of DNA and Protein
Chromatin
“short” section of DNA, instructions for 1 molecule.
Gene
parent molecule strands separate into templates, form into new strands complimentary to template strands. This process is called what?
semiconservative replication
site where DNA replication starts
Origin of replication
Area where parental strands have been separated
Replication bubble
y-shape where strands are being separated.
Replication fork
unwinds helix and separates the two strands of DNA.
Helicase
breaks, swivels, rejoins double helix ahead of replication fork.
Topoisomerase
adds short RNA sequence to start new strands
primase
replaces RNA primer with DNA nucleotides.
DNA Polymerase I
adds nucleotides to 3’ end of strand. Work horse that builds most of new strand.
DNA Polymerase III
connects strand fragments.
Ligase
strand that is synthesized in the direction of the replication fork.
Leading strand
strand that is replicated away from the replication fork
Lagging strand
DNA fragment that is synthesized in short stretches on the lagging strand
Okazaki fragment
member of a family of enzymes that catalyzes the addition of new nucleotides to a growing DNA strand
DNA Polymerase
________ is where DNA template used to generate complementary RNA strand.
Transcription
Transcription stage:
RNA polymerase attaches to DNA template.
Initiation
Transcription stage:
RNA polymerase builds RNA strand.
Elongation
Transcription stage:
RNA polymerase stops and detaches.
Termination
