Unit 3

Question 1

Determinism: Phenomena (2)

Answer 1

1) Are lawful
2) Systematically occur as a result of other events

Question 2

Indeterminism: Phenomena are (3)

Answer 2

1) Free agents
2) Unpredictable
3) Uncontrollable

Question 3

Indeterminism: Leads to assumption that behavior is a result of

Answer 3

Free will

Question 4

Fatalism: Behavior is caused by (3)

Answer 4

1) Destiny
2) Fate
3) Uncontrollable events humans can’t influence

Question 5

Predestination:

Vantage point

Answer 5

God sees our birth, life, and death at once

Question 6

Predestination:

What controls behavior?

Answer 6

Supernatural entity predetermines behavior before birth

Question 7

Predestination:

What cannot control behavior?

Answer 7

Human influence

Question 8

Determinism AKA

Answer 8

Causal determinism

Question 9

Probabilistic determinism

Answer 9

Behavior is predictable to an extent

Question 10

Probabilistic determinism: Based on

Answer 10

Mathematical probabilities of occurrence

Question 11

Compatibilism

Answer 11

Determinism and free will are compatible

Question 12

Compatibilism:

Free will rationale

Answer 12

Actions of humans are freely chosen

Question 13

Compatibilism:

Determinism rationale

Answer 13

Nature is orderly and lawful

Question 14

Voluntarism: Belief that

Answer 14

Humans can exert voluntary control over the movements of their body

Question 15

Voluntarism: Precursor to

Answer 15

Operant behavior

Question 16

Scientific realism

Answer 16

Physical world exists independently of our sense perceptions of it

Question 17

Scientific realism:
Truth criterion

Answer 17

Correspondence theory of truth

Question 18

Pragmatism

Answer 18

Claim is true if it is useful

Question 19

Pragmatism:
How is truth known?

Answer 19

Interacting with nature rather than representing it

Question 20

Pragmatic truth criterion

Answer 20

How useful it is equals how true it is

Question 21

Pragmatic truth criterion:
Informed communities

Answer 21

Decide the truth of it based on agreement

Question 22

Grünbaum’s argument against determinism (4)

Answer 22

1) Individual uniqueness
2) Behavior is too complex
3) Behavior is determined by future goals
4) It destroys the concept of personal responsibility

Question 23

Involuntary behavior was known as (4)

Answer 23

1) Reflexive
2) Elicited
3) Automatic
4) Mindless

Question 24

Voluntary behavior was known as (4)

Answer 24

1) Operant
2) Emitted
3) Willful
4) Mindful