Unit 3

Question 1

organic compound

Answer 1

the compound that contains carbon

Question 2

macromolecules

Answer 2

polymers of long chains of monomers

Question 3

isomers

Answer 3

compounds that have the same number of atoms of the same elements but different structures and properties

Question 4

structural isomers

Answer 4

differ in the covalent arrangement of their atoms

Question 5

cis-trans isomers

Answer 5

carbons have covalent bonds to the same atoms, the atoms differ in their spatial arrangement due to inflexibility of double bonds
H X
\ /
C = C
/ \
X H

Question 6

Enantiomers

Answer 6

the isomers that are mirror images of 1 another, differ in shape, and 1 of them are usually active

Question 7

functional group

Answer 7

the chemical group that affect molecular function by being directly involved in chemical reactions

Question 8

hydroxyl group

Answer 8

converts organic compounds into alcohol enhancing solubility in water, that has an OH bonded to it

Question 9

carbonyl group

Answer 9

C=O, found in a larger carbon molecule, a carbon double bonded to oxygen

Question 10

carboxyl group

Answer 10

The COOH, that are components of fatty acids and amino acids

Question 11

amino group

Answer 11

NH2, is a component of amino acids

Question 12

sulfhydryl group

Answer 12

SH, can serve as a marker for proteins in membrane functions

Question 13

phosphate group

Answer 13

PO3, its an important structural component of nucleotide, basic structural unit of DNA and RNA

Question 14

methyl group

Answer 14

CH3, found in gene expression, fetal development, neurotransmitter production

Question 15

ATP

Answer 15

adenosine triphosphate is an organic molecule that has an important function in the cell

Question 16

polymer

Answer 16

a long molecule consisting similar building blocks

Question 17

monomer

Answer 17

small building block molecules

Question 18

dehydration reaction

Answer 18

2 monomers bond together through the loss of a water molecule

Question 19

hydrolysis

Answer 19

the reverse reaction of the dehydration reaction

Question 20

enzymes

Answer 20

speed up chemical reactions

Question 21

monosaccharides

Answer 21

simplest carbohydrates

Question 22

disaccharide

Answer 22

formed through a dehydration reaction which joins 2 monosaccharides

Question 23

glycosidic linkage

Answer 23

a covalent bond between monosaccharides

Question 24

polysaccharides

Answer 24

polymers of sugars have storage and structure roles

Question 25

starch

Answer 25

a storage polysaccharide of plants

Question 26

glycogen

Answer 26

a storage polysaccharide in animals

Question 27

cellulose

Answer 27

a major component in the walls of plant cells

Question 28

chitin

Answer 28

structural polysaccharide found in the exoskeleton of arthropods

Question 29

lipids

Answer 29

consists of hydrocarbons that form nonpolar covalent bonds and is hydrophobic

Question 30

fats

Answer 30

constructed from glycerol (3 carbon alcohol and OH group) and a fatty acid (COOH attach to long carbon skeleton)

Question 31

ester linkage

Answer 31

a bond between hydroxyl group and carboxyl group, creating a triglyceride

Question 32

saturated fatty acids

Answer 32

lack double bonds between carbon atoms, tend to be solid, animal fats

Question 33

unsaturated fatty acids

Answer 33

1+ more double bonds between molecules and are liquid at room temperature

Question 34

trans fat

Answer 34

the process when unsaturated fats are converted to saturated fats by adding hydrogen

Question 35

steroid

Answer 35

lipids that have a carbon skeleton consisting of 4 fused rings

Question 36

cholesterol

Answer 36

an important steroid the maintains fluidity of animal cell membranes

Question 37

polypeptides

Answer 37

unbranched polymers built from amino acids

Question 38

peptide bonds

Answer 38

the linkage between amino acids

Question 39

hydrophobic interactions

Answer 39

the interaction between nonpolar molecule groups in water and their low solubility. Ex: amino acids

Question 40

disulphide bridges

Answer 40

a bond between the sulfurs of 2 cysteines

Question 41

sickle-cell disease

Answer 41

an inherited blood disorder results from a single acid substitution in the protein hemoglobin

Question 42

denaturation

Answer 42

the loss of protein's native structure

Question 43

renaturation

Answer 43

the formation of a protein's native structure

Question 44

X-ray crystallography

Answer 44

determines the d-protein structure based on diffractions of an x-ray beam atoms of the crystalized molecule

Question 45

gene

Answer 45

the amino acid sequence programmed in a unit of inheritance

Question 46

nucleic acid

Answer 46

made of monomers called nucleotides

Question 47

gene expression

Answer 47

the process by which the info encoded in a gene is turned into function

Question 48

polynucleotides

Answer 48

nucleic acids that are polymers

Question 49

nucleotides

Answer 49

monomers of polynucleotides

Question 50

pyrimidine

Answer 50

a single ring that includes cytosine, thymine, and uracil

Question 51

purines

Answer 51

a double ring and includes adenine and guanine

Question 52

phosphodiester linkage

Answer 52

nucleotides joined together