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unit 3 Flashcards

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1
Q

takeoff is prohibited when ice is adhering to…

A

ice, frost or snow is adhering to any CRITICAL SURFACE of the plane (ex. wings, tail, propeller)

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2
Q

explain the coal soaking phenomenon

A

when plane goes from cold to warm area, condensation and ice can build up on the planes skin
- wing surface warms up, but fuel is still very cold = forms frost

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3
Q

how does ice affect wing, propellers and windshield differently

A

wing collects ice = ice changes shape of wing = less lift and ore drag

ice on prop = asymmetric vibration and loss of thrust

ice on windshield blocks vision

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4
Q

you can not land a small/light plane on a snowy surface unless…

A

you can guarantee the safety of the surface (call ahead of time to ask if runway cleared)

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5
Q

conditions are considered to be “whiteout” when

A

unbroken snow cover + overcast sky = cant’ see horizon or landmarks

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6
Q

severe turbulence from a thunderstorm can extend up to ____ miles from the storm

A

20 miles

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7
Q

thunderstorm avoidance rules:
- don’t takeoff or land when…
- don’t fly ____ the storm
- avioid area when storm covers ____ of that area

A
  • storm approaching
  • underneath
  • 6/10
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8
Q

when flying through a mountain:
- downdrafts occur in _____ areas, updrafts occur in ____ areas
- make a route when you can always do a _________
- must be able to complete a _____ _____ type of turn at all times

A
  • shady, sunny
  • safe forced landing
  • maximum rate, minimum radius turn
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9
Q

for wildlife reasons, don’t fly less than _____ ft AGL

A

2000

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10
Q

T/F: i can use landing lights and strobe lights for collision avoidance

A

false, can’t use strobe lights when it’s cloudy (or taxiing). so yes you can use either landing lights or strobe lights, but you can’t use strobe when it’s cloudy

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11
Q

the CRFI (can runway friction index) tells us

CRFI = 0.1
CRFI = 1 means…

A

how slippery the runway is

0.1 = slippery af
1 = dry

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12
Q

explain VASIS vs PAPI systems

A

VASIS = visual approach slope indicator system
- red/red = dead
- white/white = flight
- red/white = perfect

PAPI = 2-4 light system

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13
Q

minimum aerodrome lighting is

A

two parallel rows of white lights spaced 200 ft apart for a minimum length of 420m (1377 ft)

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14
Q

where do you check to see if there’s any new towers on your route that’s not marked on a map?

A

CFS and NOTAM in your area

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15
Q

what is wheelbarrowing

A

plane going too fast on landing with a nose down attitude = too much lift that it keeps the back wheels off the runway = all weight on nose wheel

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16
Q

porpoising explain

A

touch down with all 3 wheels at same time = bounce

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17
Q

landing distances can be increased up to ____% when a tire hydroplanes

A

700%

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18
Q

wind shear definition

A

change in wind speed or wind direction

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19
Q

most susceptible to wnd shears if your plane is ____ ____ ____

A

large, heavy and slow

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20
Q

T/F: passengers are in control of their phone use

A

false pilots can decide whether or not passengers use phones

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21
Q

avoid a bird by

A

full power and climb

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22
Q

passenger briefing must have:

A
  • emergency exits
  • how to use seatbelt
  • how to position and secutere their seat
  • how to stow carryon bags
  • no smoking
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23
Q

high density altitude = ______ performance

A

poor

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24
Q

______ temp, altitude, pressure, humidity = poor performance

A

high temp
high altitude
low pressure
high humidity

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25
how is engine, propeller and wings affected by low air density
- engine = less power - propeller = less thrust - wings = less lift
26
low air density = ______ takeoff run, and _____ landing distance
longer takeoff run longer landing distance
27
explain the ground effect
decrease in induced drag that the wings generate when they are close to the ground because wake vortices blocked by ground - can use ground effect to gain speed/soft field takeoffs
28
danger of ground effect
when plane raises out of the ground effect, its in danger of stalling or settling back to the ground because of this influx of the previously hidden induced drag
29
Vx vs Vy
Vx = best angle of climb = most altitude gain per unit of distance Vy = best rate of climb = most altitude gain per unit of time
30
Va explain
maneuvering speed - as long as plane is operated at speeds slower than Va, the wing will stall before sustaining damage from too much load
31
how does Va change with weight of plane
heavy plane = Va increases light plane = Va decreases
32
to glide for range use what speed
best L:D ratio
33
how change speed if glide into head wind vs tail wind
head wind = increase speeed so you don’t stall tail wind = decrease speed so you don’t cause damage
34
flying for range vs endurance
range = farthest distance we can fly for given amount of fuel endurance = longest time we can stay in the air for a given amount of fuel
35
flying for range vs endurance
range = farthest distance we can fly per unit of fuel
36
indicated vs true airspeed does indicated and true speeds vary with altitude, and does stalling speed change?
indicated airspeed = speed of plane relative to wind true airspeed = speed accounting for air density (plane moves faster when air is thinner) plane will say that indicated airspeed at sea level and 10000 ft are the same because it’s the same proportion of molecules going past static port and pitot. but at higher altitudes, you have less drag so you do end up flying faster with same power input. indicated stall speed is always the SAME true stall speed increases with altitude because there’s less molecules to give you lift, so you need to fly faster
37
two planes operated at same angle of bank: the faster plane = ______ radius and ______ rate of turn
larger radius and smaller rate
38
two planes operated at same speed: the plane at steeper angle of bank = _____ radius and _____ rate of turn
smaller radius and larger rate
39
tail heavy plane has ____ CoG - puts ____ pressure on tail stabilizer - ____ stalling speed, and when it stalls the nose goes ____
rearward - less - lower up
40
nose heavy plane has a ___ CoG - ____ pressure on tail stabilizer - ____ stalling speed, and when it stalls the nose pitches _____
forward - more - increases - down
41
ice accumulation with the thickness and roughness of a medium to coarse sandpaper will decrease lift by ___% and increase drag by ___%
lift = 30% drag = 40%
42
why do you need to dry your plane off when taking it out of a warm hanger on a winter day
don’t want puddles of water on plane or else it could freeze
43
how does rain make cold soaking worse
in tropical climate, rain hits cold wing and freezes into ice and ice is bad
44
Type 1 icing fluid - for _____ ice - made from ____ + ______
- removing - glycol + water/antifreeze
45
type 2 icing fluid - for _____ ice - used for planes at _____ speeds because…
preventing - low speeds or else it’ll fly off at high speeds
46
shearing speed for having type 3 icing fluid on wings
less than 100 knots
47
shearing speed for having type 4 icing fluid on wings
over 100 it’s
48
what is fluid “holdover time”
how long the de-icing or anti-icing fluid will hold on for
49
T/F: de icing or anti-icing provides in-flight icing protection
no those only last for short period of time and plane has other in flight methods of protection
50
what decreases icing fluid holdover time (ratio, rain vs snow, temperature)
diluted mixture rain has more moisture than snow low temperatures all decrease amount of time the icing solutions will last on plane
51
dry grass runway: - ____% longer takeoff ground roll because more friction - ____% longer landing because more slippery
15% takeoff 45% landing
52
does wind affect endurance calculations (flying for max endurance)
no because yo’ll be in the air for 4hrs with or without wind
53
downslope runway has illusion of appearing too _____ on approach to landing
low
54
upslope runway has illusion of appearing too _____ on approach to landing
high
55
why do overloaded planes have a decreased range and lower cruising speed
heavy plane = high angle of attack = more drag more drag = burn more fuel = shorter distance it travels = decreased range more drag = slows plane down = lower cruising speed
56
standard airplane weight standard empty weight basic empty weight useful load maximum takeoff weight
standard airplane weight = airframe + engine standard empty weight = airframe + engine + un-usable fuel and oil basic empty weight = airframe + engine + un-usable fuel + oil + optional equipment useful load = weight you can add like passengers + fuel + bags + fuel maximum takeoff weight = max weight your plane is approved for takeoff
57
what is a “superseded” weight and balance report and what changes?
you replace an old GPS with a new GPS equipment (new weight reading to account for) so that changes the basic empty weight and useful load
58
what is maximum ramp weight
mac weight approved for ground maneuvering - allows you to fill up the fuel tanks a few more points above the max takeoff weight because the plane will burn this fuel during the start, taxi and run-up
59
weight of AVGAS, jet fuel and oil in lbs/gal
AVGAS = 6 lbs/gal jet fuel = 6.6 lbs/gal oil = 7.5 lbs/gal
60
what is zero fuel weight
weight of the plane + passengers+ oil + bags + un-usable fuel everything EXCEPT usable fuel
61
moment = ___ x ____
arm x weight
62
normal category +/- G limits
+ 3.8 G - 1.5 G
63
utility category +/- G limits
+ 4.4 G - 1.7 G
64
acrobatic category +/- G limits
+6 G - 3 G
65
T/F: wake turbulence strongest at lift-off
true because slow speeds = high AoA = high drag = large vortices
66
wake vortex trails behind planes at _____ ft/min and below plane at ____ ft
behind. 300-500 ft/min below 1000 ft
67
size of wake turbulence (width and depth in terms of wingspan)
width = 2 wingspans depth = 1 wingspan
68
how does wind and turbulent conditions affect wake turbulence
wind can blow someone else’s vortices onto your runway calm conditions = vortices stay turbulent conditions = vortices break up faster
69
whose responsibility is it to avoid wake turbulence
pilot
70
weight categories of light, medium and heavy plane
light = less than 7000 kg medium = 7000-136 000 kg heavy = greater than 136 000 kg
71
wake turbulence vs jet blast
wake turbulence from induced drag of wing while flying in air jet blast is from engine
72
idle blast area and takeoff thrust area of a jumbo jet
idle blast area = 600 ft takeoff thrust area = 1600 ft
73
idle blast area and takeoff thrust area of a medium jet
idle blast area 450 ft takeoff thrust area = 1200 ft
74
idle blast area and takeoff thrust area of a small jet
idle blast area = 200 ft takeoff thrust area = 500 ft
75
after ___hr of not arriving at your destination, who starts the official search for you
1hr JRCC (joint rescue coordination centre)
76
once a plane is reported missing, a _____ will be sent to nearby ATS. what should you do
MANOT (missing aircraft notification) keep visual lookout and monitor 121.5
77
transponder code 7700 means
emergency
78
transponder 7600 means
communitcation failure
79
transponder 7500 means
hijack
80
transponder 7500 then 7700 means
hijack that is bad and requesting armed intervention
81
how to tell radar ATC you’re in trouble and can’t establish communication
fly triangle pattern

PPL (16 decks)

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