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Life 103 > Unit 3 > Flashcards

Unit 3 Flashcards

1
Q

what are features of animals?

A

-heterotrophs
-multicellularity
-no cell walls
-active movement
-sexual reproduction
-embryonic development
-tissues (except sponges)

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2
Q

Totipotent definition

A

zygote cell can become any kind of specialized cell (irreversible in animals except sponges)

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3
Q

which animal phyla have radial symmetry

A

cnidarians and Ctenophora

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4
Q

Cephilization definition

A

concentration of nerve tissue at anterior end

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5
Q

three cell layers of triploblastic animal

A

ectoderm, endoderm, mesoderm

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6
Q

what does ectoderm form into

A

outer body covering, nervous system

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7
Q

what does endoderm form into

A

digestive system

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8
Q

what does mesoderm form into

A

skeleton and muscles

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9
Q

what is the role of body cavities

A

provide support, distribute materials, develomental interactions (liquid in most animals, gas in vertebrates)

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10
Q

which phylum doesn’t have a body cavity

A

acoelomates

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11
Q

Pseudocoelom definition

A

body cavity develops embryologically between mesoderm and endoderm

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12
Q

Coelom definition

A

body cavity develops entirely in the mesoderm

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13
Q

open circulatory system definition

A

blood mixes with fluid that bathes tissues from vessels

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14
Q

closed circulatory system definition

A

blood is confined to blood vessels

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15
Q

archenteron definition

A

indent in hollow ball of cell from early development

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16
Q

blastopore

A

hollow ball of cell from early dvelopment

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17
Q

protostome

A

mouth develops first from blastopore

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18
Q

deuterostome

A

anus develops first from blastopore

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19
Q

spiral cleavage pattern

A

A pattern where the division planes are not at 90° angles, resulting in daughter cells that are not directly on top of one another. characteristic of protostomes

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20
Q

radial cleavage pattern

A

A simple pattern where the division planes are at 90° angles to each other, resulting in daughter cells that are directly on top of one another. characteristic of deuterostomes

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21
Q

determinate development

A

type of tissue each embryonic cell will form in adult is determined early

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22
Q

indeterminate development

A

first few cells produced by zygote are identical daughter cells, and can turn into a complete organism (each is unspecialized)

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23
Q

formation of coelom is protostomes

A

cells move apart

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24
Q

formation of coelom in deuterostomes

A

group of cells pouch off the end of the archenteron

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25
which groups are monophyletic
sponges, all animal
26
what are the protostomes
lophotrochozoans and ecdysozoans
27
features of lophotrochozoans
-grow through gradual addition of mass -live in water, propel with cilia or body muscular contractions
28
phyla of lophotrochozoans
platyhelminthes, bryoza, brachiopoda, mollusca, annelida
29
ecdysis definition
lose skeleton by molting
30
Porifera characteristics
Sponges lack symmetry and specialized tissue cell recognition larval sponges are free swimming
31
choanocytes definition
flagellated cells (found in sponges)
31
Cnidarian characteristics
radial symmetry, have tissues, carnivores, extracellular digestion
31
Nematocyte definition
stinging cells in cnidarians
32
cnidarian medusae body form
free floating, gelatinous, umbrella shaped, downward mouth
33
cnidarian polyps body form
cylindrical, pipe shaped, upward mouth
34
what animals are cnidarians
jellyfish, hydra, corals, sea anemones
35
what animals are ctenophora
comb jellies (radial symmetry)
36
what animals are platyhelminthes
flatworms and rotifers
37
Flatworm characteristics
Platyhelminthes lost true coelom simple bilaterians most are parasitic most complex lifecycle
38
Flame cell definition
work with cilia to move excretory substances into tubules and then out of epidermal cells in flatworms
39
hermaphroditic definition
contains male and female sexual structures (worms, snails, barnicles, leaches, sponges)
40
parts of mollusk body
head-foot (locomotion, attachment, food rapture), Visceral mass (central section, contains organs), mantle
41
what animals are gastropods (mollusk)
snails and slugs
42
what animals are bivalves (mollusk)
clams, oysters, scallops, mussels
43
what animals are cephalopods (mollusk)
octopuses, squids, nautiluses
44
Nephridia definition
tublar, kidney like structure gathers waste from coelom to discharge to mantle cavity
45
Radula definition
rasping, tonguelike organ in gastropods and cephalopods
46
annelida characteristics
- Ringlike body segments, may be specialized - Body Fluid in Coelom creates hydrostatic Skeleton - Anterior contains Sensory organs - Move by contracting segments - Closed circulatory system - Tube within a tube body plan -Exchange gasses through body surface
47
Chaetae definition
bristles of chitin in each segment to help prevent slipping, in annelida
48
Bryozoans characteristics
- Small, marine, live in colonies (like moss) - U shaped digestive system (anus near mouth) - Lophophorate
49
Nematodes characteristics
- Roundworms - Bilateral symmetry - Unsegmented - Shed thick, flexible cuticle by molting - Exchange gas through cuticle - many parasitize humans
50
Stylets definition
piercing organs of the mouth in nematodes
51
5 classes of arthropods
Chelicerates, Crustaceans, hexapods, myriapods, trilobites (extinct)
52
characteristics of arthropods
segmented body, rigid exoskeleton, jointed appendages
53
Chelicerata animals
spiders, mites, ticks
54
chelicerata characteristics
- Two tagmata: anterior prosoma (appendages), Posterior Opisthosoma (reproductive Organs) - 4 pairs of walking legs - Chelicerae mouthpart (pincers)
55
crustacea animals
crabs, shrimp, lobsters
56
crustacea characteristics
- Three tagmata: Cephalon and thorax (may fuse for Cephalothorax) - antennae, 3 appendages for food, legs - Large have feathery gills for respiration - Nauplius larva
57
Hexapoda animals
insects
58
hexapoda characteristics
- 6 legs -wings -metamorphosis
59
Myriapoda animals
centipedes (carnivorous) and millipedes (mostly herbivores)
60
Echinoderm animals
Sea stars, cucumbers, urchins, sand dollars
61
Ossicles definition
calcium carbonate plates found in echinoderm
62
Water-vascular system characteristics
- in echinoderm - Mareporite: Sievelike plate water enters through - Radial canal: extends through side branches - Ampulla: base of tube foot, muscular sack contracts, one way value - Tube feet move around mouth of holothurian
63
Echinoderm characteristics
-exoskeleton of hard, calcium carbonate plates beneath skin -mutable collagenous tissue -water-vascular system -gas exchange through body surface and tube feet
64
what are the three classes of chordates
urochordata, cephalochordata, vertebrata
65
urochordata characteristics
-tunicates -larvae have notochord and -nervecord (not adult) -adults don't have body cavity or visible segmentation
66
cephalochordate characteristics
-lancelets -scaleless -live in shallow water -filter-feed on microscopic plankton -adults burry into ground, stick partially out
67
Definining characteristics of vertebrates
-vertebrae -distinct head -neural crest -internal organs -endoskeleton
68
orders of vertebrates
fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, mammals
69
fish defining characteristics
-vertebral column -jaws and paired appendages -internal gills -single-loop blood circulation -nutritional deficiencies
70
which fish don't have jaws
Hagfish (myxini) and lampreys (petromyzontida)
71
how did jaws evolve
from most anterior of cartilage arch supports that reinforced tissue between gills
72
what did shark teeth develop from
rough scales
73
what is the lateral line system
mechanoreceptors down the side of a fish sensitive to motion (sharks and bony fish)
74
three classes of bony fish
ray finned, lungfish, lobe-finned
75
what does a swim bladder do in bony fish
gas-filled sac to regulate boyancy
76
what does an operculum do in bony fish
hard plate that covers gills on each side of head
77
which class of fish did tetrapod most likely evolve from
lobe-finned
78
amphibians characteristics
-legs (most have 4) -lungs -cutaneous respiration -pulmonary veins -partially divided heart
79
which group of amphibians doesn't have legs?
caecilians
80
3 groups of amphibians
anura cudata caecilians
81
what animals is anura
frogs and toads
82
what animals is cudata
salamanders
83
what is a caecilian
tropical burrowing amphibian, small eyes, like worms with jaws and teeth
84
amniotes characteristics
reptiles - amniotic egg - dry skin - thoracic breathing
85
chorion definition
outermost membrane of amniotic egg
86
amnion definition
encases developing embryo within fluid-filled cavity in amniotic egg
87
yolk sac definition
provides food from the yolk for embryo via blood vessels in amniotic egg
88
allantois definition
surrounds cavity into which waste products are excreted in amniotic egg
89
what groups are in amniota
synapsids and diapsids
90
what is a synapsids
single temporal hole behind each opening for the eye
91
what is a diapsids
skulls have two holes on each side of the head
92
chelonia animals
turtles and tortoises
93
groups of amniotes
amniota, chelonia, rhynchocephalia, squamata, crocodylia
94
carapace definition
dorsal covering of shell of turtles and tortoises
95
plastron definition
ventral side of shell of turtles and tortoises
96
Rhynchocephalia animals
tuartaras
97
squamata animals
lizards and snakes
98
crocodylia animals
crocodiles, alligators, caimans, gavials
99
how do crocodiles resemble birds
4 chambered heart, build nests for young
100
bird characteristics
- feathers - flight skeleton
101
modern bird characteristics
- efficient respiration: air goes through lungs in single direction - efficient circulation: complete wall divides ventricle - endothermy
102
mammals characteristics
- hair - mammary glands - endothermy - placenta
103
groups of mammals
monotremes: egg laying marsupials: pouched mammals placental: primates
104
cloaca definition
single opening for feces, urine, and reproductive excretion (monotremes and reptiles)
105
Primates characteristics
- grasping fingers and toes - binocular vision
106

Life 103 (5 decks)

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