Unit 3 Flashcards
(21 cards)
What is incomplete dominance and what are examples?
heterozygous shows intermediate phenotype
ex: flower color, familial hypercholesterolemia
What is codominance?
both alleles are expressed
What is penetrance?
the percentage of individuals having a particular genotype that express the expected phenotype (yes or no question)
What is expressivity?
the degree to which the trait is expressed (full on extra fingers or just nubs?)
What is incomplete penetrance?
a particular genotype does not give you the expected phenotype 100% of the time (some people have a cancer gene but do not develop that cancer)
What is the lethal genotype?
double autosomal dominant
What is an example of multiple alleles?
ABO blood typing or the mallard
What is a compound heterozygote?
an individual with two different mutant recessive alleles for the same gene
What is gene interaction?
effects of genes at one locus depend on the presence of genes at other loci
What is epistasis?
gene interaction in which a gene at one locus masks the effects of a gene at a different locus
What is the epistatic gene?
masks a gene at a different locus
What is the hypostatic gene?
masked gene
Difference between sex linked and sex influenced traits
sex-linked traits are alleles on the sex chromosomes but sex influenced traits are alleles on autosomes that may have higher penetrance in one sex (for example, the bearded goats)
Which of the following are differences between DNA and RNA?
DNA contains deoxyribose sugar, while RNA contains ribose sugar.
DNA is only found in the nucleus, while RNA is found in both the nucleus and the cytoplasm.
RNA is usually single stranded, while DNA is usually double-stranded.
RNA contains uracil and DNA contains thymine
Which of the following characteristics allowed Hershey and Chase to determine whether the genetic material was made of DNA or protein?
DNA contains phosphorus, whereas protein does not.
In the DNA molecule, a phosphodiester bond is formed between a 5’ phosphate group of one nucleotide and the _____ of the adjacent nucleotide.
3’ OH
What are monomers of RNA called?
nucleotides
What is a polygenic trait?
characteristic that is encoded by genes at many loci, whose proteins work together to make a phenotype
What is pleiotropy?
when a single gene influences multiple phenotypes
What is heteroplasmy?
condition where the mtDNA sequence is not the same in all copies of the genome and the proportion of mitochondria bearing the mutation will tell the phenotype
