Unit 3 Flashcards
1
Q
___ (~500 types in mammals) passes the ubiquitin on ___ to a lysine residue on the target protein
A
E3; E2
2
Q
___ binds and activates ubiquitin (1 gene in mammals)
A
binds and activates ubiquitin (1 gene in mammals)
3
Q
____ is bound by Grb2
A
Sos
4
Q
_____ actin formation results in parallel fibers
A
Formin
5
Q
_____ domain binds to proline containing peptides (Pro-X-X-Pro)
A
SH3
6
Q
_____ exchanges Ras-GDP to be Ras-GTP
A
Sos
7
Q
______ actin formation results in branched network
A
Arp2/3
8
Q
______ and _______ are located on the target membrane in vesicular transport
A
Syntaxin; SNAP
9
Q
______ domain binds to Phospho-tyrosine containing peptides
A
SH2
10
Q
______ for Golgi to plasma membrane
A
Clathrin
11
Q
______ have no +/- ends (nucleotide-independent)
A
Intermediate Filaments
12
Q
______ helices have positively charged residues (Arg/Lys) at every third position; _____ helices sense the voltage
A
S4; S4
13
Q
______ inhibits mTOR kinase activity and cell proliferation
A
Rapamycin (bound to FKBP)
14
Q
______ is an adaptor protein with SH2 and SH3 binding domains
A
Grb2
15
Q
______ is the executioner caspase that results in many of the characteristics of apoptosis
A
Caspase-3
16
Q
______ is the tumor suppressor for Familial Adenomatous Polyposis (FAP)
A
APC
17
Q
_______ binds to SCAP-SREBP and packages it into a vesicle to go to the Golgi
A
Sec24
18
Q
_______ (transmembrane protein, CNX) and _______ (soluble ER lumen protein) bind oligosaccharide chain on a protein if glucose is exposed
A
Calnexin; calreticulin
19
Q
_______ and/or _______ loss/mutation results in ccRCC with different features and outcomes
A
BAP; PRBM1
20
Q
_______ are calcium binding motifs that are strongly conserved in all plants and animals
A
EF Hands
21
Q
_______ are microtubule motor proteins for movement toward the + end
A
Kinesins
22
Q
_______ bind cargo and interact with NPC to enter the nucleus
A
Imp-alpha and Imp-Beta
23
Q
_______ binds and changes syntaxin back into active conformation
A
Sec1
24
Q
_______ binds RanGTP and hydrolyzes it to RanGDP
A
GTPase Activating Protein (GAP)
25
_______ binds to SCAP (_______ Cleavage Activating Protein), which binds cholesterol
SREBP; SREBP
26
_______ binds to SCAP and SREBP in the ER membrane
Insig
27
_______ Channel Blockers preserve axons
sodium
28
_______ determines volume of a cell
Water
29
_______ encodes integral membrane protein kinase that is amplified in about 20% of breast cancers
Her2/Neu (ErbB2)
30
_______ for ER to Golgi (forward)
COPII
31
_______ for Golgi to ER (backward)
COPI
32
_______ forces are much stronger (1018 times ) than _______ forces
Electric; osmotic
33
_______ have higher rates of apoptosis
Lymphocytes
34
_______ have lower rates of apoptosis
Fibroblasts
35
_______ hydrolyze the second messengers cAMP or cGMP
Phosphodiesterases
36
_______ increase microtubule instability by exposing GDP rich regions
Microtubule Severing Proteins
37
_______ inhibits Calcineurin, which blocks NFAT dephosphorylation and downstream effects
Cyclosporin (bound to cyclophilin)
38
_______ inhibits nuclear translocation, co-activator recruitment, and DNA binding of androgen receptor
Enzalutamide
39
_______ is located on the vesciular membrane during vesicular transport.
Vesical Associated Membrane Protein (VAMP)
40
_______ is the leading cause of disability in young women
Multiple Sclerosis
41
_______ is the most common cause of ccRCC (64%); ccRCC account for 75% of RCCs
Von-Hippel Lindau
42
_______ is the signal caspase that activates caspase-3 in the extrinsic pathway
Caspase-8
43
_______ is the signal caspase that activates caspase-3 in the intrinsic pathway
Caspase-9
44
_______ is used to improve walking speed in patients with MS
Dalframpridine
45
_______ mutant adenoviruses cannot inactivate _______, so they kill p53 cancer cells preferentially
E1B; p53
46
_______ mutations link to nephrotic syndrome (glomerular filtration defect) and to neuromuscular junction/muscle innervation problems in children
Laminin
47
_______ prevents G protein coupling
Beta-arrestin
48
_______ replaces GDP with GTP to regenerate RanGTP
Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factor (GEF)
49
_______ sodium entry into the cell slows nerve conduction
increased
50
_______ transduces a signal into the cell interior, which recruits adaptor molecule ____, which activates _____, which activates Caspase-3
Fas/CD95; FADD; Caspase-8
51
_______ used to lower cholesterol inhibit _______.
Statins; HMGCoA
52
_______ uses 6 ATP to unbind SNAREs
NSF
53
________ (ATP analogue) can inhibit ABL kinase that is overexpressed due to the BCR-ABL translocation (_______ chromosome)
Gleevac; Philadelphia
54
________ (G protein receptors) result in bronchoconstriction
m3 muscarinic
55
________ (G protein receptors) result in bronchodilation (and dilation of vasculature)
Beta-adrenergic
56
________ (G protein receptors) result in decreased heart rate and contraction
m2 muscarinic
57
________ (G protein receptors) result in increased heart rate and contraction
Alpha-adrenergic
58
________ (G protein receptors) result in peripheral vasoconstriction that decreases blood flow to skin and increased blood pressure
Beta-adrenergic
59
_______, a member of the _______ family of oncogenes is used as a diagnostic tool in neuroblastoma
N-myc; c-myc
60
_______(G protein receptors) act on Adenylyl Cyclase
Beta-adrenergic, m2 muscarinic
61
_______(G protein receptors) act on Protein Lipase C
Alpha-adrenergic, m3 muscarinic\
62
_______activates transcription factors: VEGF, PDGF, TGFα, and TGFβ, which result in cancer growth.
HIFα
63
_______is a protein channel that allows the polypeptide chain to be transported into the ER lumen as the protein is being translated
Translocon
64
· are microtubule motor proteins for movement toward the - end
Dynesin
65
Activated ubiquitin is passed to ___
E2
66
Alpha Adrenergic Agonist
phenylephrine
67
Alpha Adrenergic Antagonist
prozasin
68
assists with folding and association with protein disulfide isomerases
BiP
69
Bacteria (Ex. _______) secrete toxins that bind to the membrane, are incorporated into the membrane, and then complex to form pores that destroy the cell
Listeria
70
based on the effect of solutes on the final volume of the cell
Tonicity
71
Beta Adrenergic Agonist
isoproterenol, albuterol (lungs)
72
Beta Adrenergic Antagonist
propanolol, metaprolol
73
Bevacizumab inhibits _______ binding to receptor
VEGF
74
bHLH SREBP moves to the nucleus, binds to DNA promoters, and activates many genes to produce more _______
LDLR (to bring more cholesterol into the cell) and enzymes in the cholesterol biosynthetic pathway
75
Binds to the extracellular side of NaV channel, just within entrance of the pore above the selectivity filter
Tetrodotoxin
76
Ca2+ binding of ______ domains causes the protein to associate with the plasma membrane
C2
77
Composed of glycerol with two long fatty acid chains and a polar head group connected to glycerol via a phosphate group
Phospholipid
78
Consist of sphingosine backbone with fatty chains/fatty acid tails and a polar head group connected via a phosphate group
Sphingolipid
79
Ctx ultimately results in constitutive activation of _______
CFTR
80
Define CBIGK
Calcium; Bicarbonate; Insulin and Glucose; Kayexalate
81
Donnan Rule: _______
[Ion1]I[Ion2]I=[Ion1]O[Ion2]O
82
EC [Cl]
145 mM
83
EC [K]
5 mM
84
EC [Na]
140 mM
85
EC [water]
55,000 mM
86
Elongated molecules that forma coiled coil dimer that is assembled into a staggered tetramer
Intermediate Filaments
87
Epithelial cell secretion is driven by _____.
Cl-
88
Feeds protein into its chamber and ATP hydrolysis is used to help the protein fold and prevent aggregation
Hsp60
89
Flipping of these lipids so that there is higher content of _______ on the outer leaflet signals macrophages to destroy the cell
phosphatidylserine
90
For negative ions, if the equilibrium potential is greater than the membrane potential, ions will tend to flow out, and a pump is required to pump them _____
in
91
For negative ions, if the equilibrium potential is less than the membrane potential, ions will tend to flow in, and a pump is required to pump them _____
out
92
For positive ions, if the equilibrium potential is greater than the membrane potential, the ions will tend to flow into the cell, and a pump is required to pump them ______
out
93
For positive ions, if the equilibrium potential is less than the membrane potential, the ions will tend to flow out of the cell, and a pump is required to pump them _____
in
94
H-H equation for Bicarbonate system: _______
pH = 6.1 + log ([HCO3-]mM/ .03Pco2mmHg)
95
Helps protein fold by binding to exposed hydrophobic patches in incompletely folded proteins
Hsp70
96
Higher capacitance ~ _______ spread of current
slower
97
Higher internal resistance ~ _______ spread in current
smaller
98
Higher membrane resistance ~ _______ spread of current
larger
99
Hsp70-like protein that uses ATP to help proteins properly fold
BiP
100
IC [A]
126 mM
101
IC [Cl]
5 mM
102
IC [K]
145 mM
103
IC [Na]
14 mM
104
IC [water]
55,000 mM
105
In cholera, ______ alters intestinal permeability through a cascade of intracellular events that leads to tight junction disassembly
Zot
106
In co-translational translocation, the signal sequence on the protein is recognized and bound by _______
SRP (Signal Recognition Particle)
107
In presence of VHL, _______ is ubiquitinated by _______ and undergoes degradation
HIFα; VHL
108
Inn the nucleus, interaction with _______ causes a conformational change in the importins, such that the cargo is released
RanGTP
109
Insulin acts in adipose, liver, and muscle tissues and serves to _______
STORE energy
110
Intracellular membranes have less _______ than the cell membrane and therefore have _______ thickness
cholesterol; less
111
Li-Fraumeni Syndrome is usually associated with a mutation in ______.
p53
112
m2 Muscarinic Antagonist
atropine
113
m2/m3 Muscarinic Agonist
muscarine
114
m3 Muscarinic Antagonist
atropine, ipratropium
115
Major Metabolic disturbances in PKA: _______ (4)
Hyperglycemia, Acidosis, Potassium Derangements, Dehydration
116
Membranes are more permeable to ____ than any other ion
K+
117
Mutations in ______ have been linked to various progeria syndromes
Lamins
118
Myelin increases the _______ and decreases the _______, which both increase the _______
membrane resistance; membrane capacitance; length constant
119
Nernst Equation: _______
E = 60/z*log(CO/CI)
120
Normal [HCO3-] in blood
24mM
121
Normal Blood pH _____ (arterial)
7.34-7.44
122
Normal Blood pH _____ (venousl)
7.28-7.42
123
Normal pCO2 in blood
40 mm Hg
124
Normally the mitochondrial membrane is guarded by anti-apoptotic factors ______
Bcl-2 and Bcl-XL
125
PC, sphingomyelin, glycolipids are common to the _______ leaflet.
extracellular
126
Protein related to caspase-8 that competes with capsase-8 for binding to FADD; produced in Herpes viruses such as Kaposi's Sarcoma)
FLIP
127
PS, PI, and PE (all negatively charged) are common to the _______ leaflet
intracellular
128
Ran Binding Protein separates _______ from Ran___
importin; GTP
129
RanGDP binds to _______, which returns RanGDP to the nucleus
Nuclear Transport Factor NUTF2
130
Rb is ____phosphorylated in non-proliferating cells at __ or __ in the cell cycle
hypo; G0; G1
131
Rb is ____phosphorylated in rapidly proliferating cells at __ or __ in the cell cycle
hyper; S; G2
132
Reflection coefficient of 0 means _______.
complete permeability
133
Reflection coefficient of 1 means _______.
no permeability
134
Small endocytic vesicles that form without coat proteins
Caveolae
135
Specific and potent inhibitor of CYP 17
Abireterone
136
SREBP binds to _______ (SREBP _______), which binds cholesterol
SCAP; Cleavage Activating Protein
137
The membrane potential lies closest to the equilibrium potential of _____
K+
138
The mitochondrial membrane is made permeable to _______, which activates _____, which activates _____, which activates Caspase-3
Cytochrome C; Apaf 1; Caspase-9
139
total concentration of solute particles
osmolarity
140
Transport vesicle remains attached to membrane until pinched off by ______
Dynamin
141
Unlike _______, in _______, hits can be on different genes
Retinoblastoma; Li-Fraumeni
142
V-erb-B codes for a protein similar in structure to cell surface receptor for _______.
epidermal growth factor
143
VHL is a protein that is involved in complex with _______, which targets proteins for ubiquitination
HIFα and HIFβ
144
What pathology is characterized by ataxia, spasticity, paretic, foot drop, sensory deficit, fatigue?
Multiple Sclerosis
145
What pathology is characterized by formation of cystic and highly vascularized tumors in many organs?
Von-Hippel Lindau
146
What pathology is characterized by immune response against myelin in axons innervating muscles?
Guillain-Barre Syndrome
147
What pathology is characterized by polyuria, polydipsia, weight loss, rapid deep breathing, and nausea/vomiting?
Diabetic Ketoacidosis
148
What pathology is characterized by voluminous watery feces, vomiting, and severe and rapid deydration?
Cholera
149
When cholesterol is _______, Insig is released from _______
low; SCAP
150
When Rb is _____phosphorylated, it cannot repress entry of cells into the S phase.
hyper
