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Excercise Science > Unit 3 > Flashcards

Unit 3 Flashcards

0
Q

What is included in the individual objectives steps of personal fitness in training?

A

Level of commitment, health and lifestyle appraisal, and goals and objectives

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1
Q

What are the three stages to the personal training approach?

A

Individual objectives, fitness assessment, and developing an exercise program.

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2
Q

What is included in the fitness assessment steps of personal fitness in training?

A

What to assess, cardiovascular assessment, flexibility assessment, body composition assessment, muscular strength assessment, and muscular endurance assessment

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3
Q

What is included in the developing an exercise steps of personal fitness in training?

A

Safety issues such as warming up, aerobic activity, resistance activity, and cool down

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4
Q

What is the definition of biomechanics?

A

Biomechanics is the science examining the internal and external forces acting on a human body in the effects produced by these forces

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5
Q

What are the seven principles of biomechanical analysis?

A 
Stability 
maximum effort 
maximum velocity 
Impulse 
linear motion 
angular motion 
angular momentum
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6
Q

What are examples of sports that revolves around the biomechanical principle of stability?

A

Sumo wrestler going, golf, and gymnastics

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7
Q

What is maximum effort/force in the biomechanical principles?

A

Production of maximum force requires the use of all possible joint movement

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8
Q

What is maximum velocity in the biomechanical principles

A

Production of maximum velocity requires the use of joints in order from largest to smallest

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9
Q

What are sport examples of the maximum effort principal

A

Olympic lifts, golf

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10
Q

What are sport examples of the maximum velocity principal?

A

Hockey slapshot, hitting a golf ball

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11
Q

What is impulse in the biomechanical principals?

A

The application of force over a segment of time or through a range of motion

change in motion
= small force + long time
= large force + small tight

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12
Q

What are sporting examples of the impulse principle?

A

Pitching, clap skate

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13
Q

What is the linear motion in the biomechanical principles?

A

Movement usually occurs in the office and direction of the applied force, or forces that oppose movement such as wind or water

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14
Q

What are sporting examples of the linear motion principal

A

Starting block, high jumper, cyclist

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15
Q

What is angular motion in the biomechanical principles?

A

Produced by the application of a force acting at some distance from an axis (TORQUE)

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16
Q

What is a sporting example of the angular motion principal?

A

Baseball pitchers

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17
Q

What is angular momentum in the biomechanical principles?

A

Angular momentum is constant when an athlete or object is free in the air

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18
Q

What is inertia?

A

Resistance to change in motion

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19
Q

What is the relationship between inertia and rotation?

A

Low inertia = high rotation

High inertia = low rotation

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20
Q

What are the four subcomponents of stability principal?

A

Lower center of mass, larger base of support, closer center of mass to base of support, greater mass increases stability

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21
Q

What is the law of inertia?

A

Every object in the state of uniform motion tends to remain in that state of motion unless an external force is applied to it

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22
Q

What is the law of acceleration?

A

Force applied to a body causes acceleration of that body of a magnitude proportional to the force, in the direction of the force, and inversely proportional to the body’s mass

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23
Q

What is the law of reaction?

A

For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction

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24
Q

What is a class I lever

A

Teeter Totter

The fulcrum or axis is located between the force and the resistance

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25
Q

What is a class II lever

A

Wheelbarrow

The resistance is between the force and the fulcrum

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26
Q

What is a class III leaver

A

Snow shoveling

The Force is between the fulcrum and the resistance

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27
Q

What are the two types of motion

A

Linear motion (transitional), rotational motion (angular)

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28
Q

The roots of any motor activity lies in which systems

A

Sensory and nervous systems

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29
Q

What is the definition of motor learning

A

Process by which a person develops, through a combination of physical and physiological factors, the ability to perform a task

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30
Q

What are the five steps to teaching and learning skills

A

Reading, imaging, focusing, executing,evaluation

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31
Q

What are the three skill categories

A

Local motors: moving skills
manipulative: handling skills
Stability : balancing skills

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32
Q

Who developed the stages of Motor learning

A

Fitt’s and Posner

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33
Q

what are the three stages of motor learning?

A

Cognitive, associative, autonomous

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34
Q

What is the cognitive stage of motor learning

A

Come to basic understanding of task

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35
Q

What is the associative stage of motor learning

A

Begins to refine skill

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36
Q

What is the autonomous stage of motor learning

A

Skill becomes automatic

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37
Q

What is transferability?

A

Skills from one sport being able to be applied to a different sport

38
Q

What are two ways to classify a skill?

A

Open and closed

39
Q

What is an open skill

A

Soccer, football
Performed in an unpredictable environment, requires participants to adopt their movements to changing nature of environment

40
Q

What is a closed skill

A

Triple jump, gymnastics

JUDGED, predictable environment, permits participants to plan moves in advance

41
Q

What are the two types of feedback and evaluation

A

Knowledge of results feedback

Knowledge of performance feedback

42
Q

What is knowledge of results feedback

A

KR feedback

Comes from seeing the final outcome of an action

43
Q

What is knowledge of performance feedback

A

KP or kinematic feedback

Emphasis not on outcome of activity but rather on how body performed in activity

44
Q

How is computer technology used to analyze skill and technique in gymnastics

A

Digitizing body segments

45
Q

When did the study of human movement first begin

A

1878

46
Q

What was the key breakthrough in the analysis of movement

A

1898 was motion picture and then became slow motion

47
Q

Explain the theory behind the Fosbury Flop

A

Don’t put all your weight over the bar at once, uses energy more efficiently

48
Q

What is the most efficient position a person should be when trying to move quickly in the water

A

Streamlining because it decreases muscle vibration, and slight opening of fingers to increase pulling surface

49
Q

Explain the concept that elite athletes of today must be sport specific in order to excel in the sport

A

You must take extreme effort and train your body for your sport, training program needs to be specific to athlete and body composition

50
Q

Explain the design of new bicycles

A

No breaks, no crossbar, no need to turn right in track racing

51
Q

What is the advancements in technology for bobsledding and virtual reality

A

Computer simulation of run makes most effective route visible, weather can be simulated, trains athletes to know best route for any track

52
Q

Explain the significance of technology in the running shoe

A

3-5% more energy is used wearing shoes versus in barefoot, absorbs energy that can be used to push forward

53
Q

How can you find a champion

A

Find the best body type early in life in trained them for that specific sport

54
Q

What are the four main areas of human development

A

Physical, cognitive, motor skill, and social

55
Q

What is physical development

A

Growth and development of muscles, bones, energy and nervous systems

56
Q

What is cognitive development

A

Ability to interpret and process information

57
Q

What is motor skill development

A

Combination of physical and cognitive, perform a wide range of tasks

58
Q

What is social development

A

Development of relationships with peers, friends, relatives, and Adults in the outside world

59
Q

What are the four basic steps in physical human growth in development

A

Infancy (0-3)
Childhood (4-10)
Puberty (11-18)
Adulthood (18+)

60
Q

When is the most growth during your life

A

Infancy

61
Q

What happens during infancy

A

Muscular development and ability to perform basic tasks

62
Q

What happens during childhood

A

Stability because of bone and muscle growth, rapid growth change from 4 to 6 years

63
Q

What happens during puberty

A

Growth spurt, pituitary gland triggers growth

64
Q

What happens during adulthood

A

Most growth has taken place, increased stress

65
Q

What are the two different growth sequences for different body parts

A

Cephalocaudal and proximodistal

66
Q

What is cephalocaudal sequence

A

Fastest in head, followed by trunk, then extremities

67
Q

What is the proximodistal sequence

A

Body movements that originate closer to the center of the body seem to develop earlier than those that originate further from the center

68
Q

What are the three ways to measure age and physical development

A

Chronological age, skeletal range, and developmental Age

69
Q

What is chronological age

A

Age measured in years, months, and days

70
Q

What is skeletal age

A

Each defined by physical maturity of skeleton, degree of bone ossification

71
Q

What is developmental age

A

Age based on one’s ability to perform specific tasks

72
Q

What are the three types of human morphology

A

Endomorph, mesomorph, and ectomorph

73
Q

What is an endomorph

A

Pear-shaped body, more fatty tissue and thicker body parts

74
Q

What is a mesomorph

A

Upside down triangle shaped body, mature early, stocky, muscles, broader bodies

75
Q

What is an ectomorph

A

Thinner body, narrow hips, longer arms and legs, and later maturity

76
Q

What are fitness objectives

A

Developing a more active lifestyle, recovering from and injury, or improving athletic performance

77
Q

What is motivational readiness

A

A measure of an individual’s stage o psychological readiness for physical fitness training

78
Q

What is the FANTASTIC lifestyle checklist

A

A questionnaire that considers a variety of factors effecting lifestyle and well-being

79
Q

What is performance- related fitness

A

Necessary for higher levels of sport performance or optimal work performance

80
Q

What is health- related fitness

A

Includes body composition, muscle balance, cardiovascular functions, and metabolic components

81
Q

What is CPAFLA

A

The Canadian physical activity, fitness, and lifestyle appraisal
A standardized test of fitness

82
Q

What is cardiovascular endurance

A

The ability of the lungs, heart, and blood vessels to deliver adequate amounts of oxygen to the cells to meet the demands of prolonged physical activity

83
Q

What is body composition

A

The fat mass and the lean body mass

84
Q

What is muscular strength

A

The maximum tension or force a muscle can exert in a single contraction

85
Q

What is muscular endurance

A

The ability of the muscle to preform repeated or sustained contractions over a period of time

86
Q

What is flexibility

A

Refers to the ability of a joint to move freely through its full range of motion

87
Q

What is the beep test

A

20m multi-stage shuttle run test for aerobic fitness

88
Q

What are scientific models

A

Ways of conceiving a problem that reduce things to their essentials and establish a basis for influencing them to behave in the ways we want

89
Q

What is equilibrium

A

A perfect situation where more than one force acts on a body but because both forces are equal, no motion results

90
Q

What is conservation of energy

A

The concept that energy can never be created or destroyed, but can only be converted from one form to another

91
Q

What are newtons three laws of motion

A

Law of inertia
Law of acceleration
Law of reaction

92
Q

What is force as a vector

A

The concept of force as a outshot a pill of a certain magnitude in a particular direction

93
Q

What is angular acceleration

A

A quantitive expression of the change in angular velocity that a spinning object undergoes per unit time

Excercise Science (3 decks)

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