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Excercise Science > Unit 3 > Flashcards

Unit 3 Flashcards

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0
Q

What is included in the individual objectives steps of personal fitness in training?

A

Level of commitment, health and lifestyle appraisal, and goals and objectives

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1
Q

What are the three stages to the personal training approach?

A

Individual objectives, fitness assessment, and developing an exercise program.

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2
Q

What is included in the fitness assessment steps of personal fitness in training?

A

What to assess, cardiovascular assessment, flexibility assessment, body composition assessment, muscular strength assessment, and muscular endurance assessment

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3
Q

What is included in the developing an exercise steps of personal fitness in training?

A

Safety issues such as warming up, aerobic activity, resistance activity, and cool down

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4
Q

What is the definition of biomechanics?

A

Biomechanics is the science examining the internal and external forces acting on a human body in the effects produced by these forces

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5
Q

What are the seven principles of biomechanical analysis?

A 
Stability 
maximum effort 
maximum velocity 
Impulse 
linear motion 
angular motion 
angular momentum
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6
Q

What are examples of sports that revolves around the biomechanical principle of stability?

A

Sumo wrestler going, golf, and gymnastics

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7
Q

What is maximum effort/force in the biomechanical principles?

A

Production of maximum force requires the use of all possible joint movement

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8
Q

What is maximum velocity in the biomechanical principles

A

Production of maximum velocity requires the use of joints in order from largest to smallest

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9
Q

What are sport examples of the maximum effort principal

A

Olympic lifts, golf

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10
Q

What are sport examples of the maximum velocity principal?

A

Hockey slapshot, hitting a golf ball

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11
Q

What is impulse in the biomechanical principals?

A

The application of force over a segment of time or through a range of motion

change in motion
= small force + long time
= large force + small tight

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12
Q

What are sporting examples of the impulse principle?

A

Pitching, clap skate

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13
Q

What is the linear motion in the biomechanical principles?

A

Movement usually occurs in the office and direction of the applied force, or forces that oppose movement such as wind or water

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14
Q

What are sporting examples of the linear motion principal

A

Starting block, high jumper, cyclist

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15
Q

What is angular motion in the biomechanical principles?

A

Produced by the application of a force acting at some distance from an axis (TORQUE)

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16
Q

What is a sporting example of the angular motion principal?

A

Baseball pitchers

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17
Q

What is angular momentum in the biomechanical principles?

A

Angular momentum is constant when an athlete or object is free in the air

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18
Q

What is inertia?

A

Resistance to change in motion

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19
Q

What is the relationship between inertia and rotation?

A

Low inertia = high rotation

High inertia = low rotation

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20
Q

What are the four subcomponents of stability principal?

A

Lower center of mass, larger base of support, closer center of mass to base of support, greater mass increases stability

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21
Q

What is the law of inertia?

A

Every object in the state of uniform motion tends to remain in that state of motion unless an external force is applied to it

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22
Q

What is the law of acceleration?

A

Force applied to a body causes acceleration of that body of a magnitude proportional to the force, in the direction of the force, and inversely proportional to the body’s mass

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23
Q

What is the law of reaction?

A

For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction

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24
What is a class I lever
Teeter Totter | The fulcrum or axis is located between the force and the resistance
25
What is a class II lever
Wheelbarrow | The resistance is between the force and the fulcrum
26
What is a class III leaver
Snow shoveling | The Force is between the fulcrum and the resistance
27
What are the two types of motion
Linear motion (transitional), rotational motion (angular)
28
The roots of any motor activity lies in which systems
Sensory and nervous systems
29
What is the definition of motor learning
Process by which a person develops, through a combination of physical and physiological factors, the ability to perform a task
30
What are the five steps to teaching and learning skills
Reading, imaging, focusing, executing,evaluation
31
What are the three skill categories
Local motors: moving skills manipulative: handling skills Stability : balancing skills
32
Who developed the stages of Motor learning
Fitt's and Posner
33
what are the three stages of motor learning?
Cognitive, associative, autonomous
34
What is the cognitive stage of motor learning
Come to basic understanding of task
35
What is the associative stage of motor learning
Begins to refine skill
36
What is the autonomous stage of motor learning
Skill becomes automatic
37
What is transferability?
Skills from one sport being able to be applied to a different sport
38
What are two ways to classify a skill?
Open and closed
39
What is an open skill
Soccer, football Performed in an unpredictable environment, requires participants to adopt their movements to changing nature of environment
40
What is a closed skill
Triple jump, gymnastics | JUDGED, predictable environment, permits participants to plan moves in advance
41
What are the two types of feedback and evaluation
Knowledge of results feedback | Knowledge of performance feedback
42
What is knowledge of results feedback
KR feedback | Comes from seeing the final outcome of an action
43
What is knowledge of performance feedback
KP or kinematic feedback | Emphasis not on outcome of activity but rather on how body performed in activity
44
How is computer technology used to analyze skill and technique in gymnastics
Digitizing body segments
45
When did the study of human movement first begin
1878
46
What was the key breakthrough in the analysis of movement
1898 was motion picture and then became slow motion
47
Explain the theory behind the Fosbury Flop
Don't put all your weight over the bar at once, uses energy more efficiently
48
What is the most efficient position a person should be when trying to move quickly in the water
Streamlining because it decreases muscle vibration, and slight opening of fingers to increase pulling surface
49
Explain the concept that elite athletes of today must be sport specific in order to excel in the sport
You must take extreme effort and train your body for your sport, training program needs to be specific to athlete and body composition
50
Explain the design of new bicycles
No breaks, no crossbar, no need to turn right in track racing
51
What is the advancements in technology for bobsledding and virtual reality
Computer simulation of run makes most effective route visible, weather can be simulated, trains athletes to know best route for any track
52
Explain the significance of technology in the running shoe
3-5% more energy is used wearing shoes versus in barefoot, absorbs energy that can be used to push forward
53
How can you find a champion
Find the best body type early in life in trained them for that specific sport
54
What are the four main areas of human development
Physical, cognitive, motor skill, and social
55
What is physical development
Growth and development of muscles, bones, energy and nervous systems
56
What is cognitive development
Ability to interpret and process information
57
What is motor skill development
Combination of physical and cognitive, perform a wide range of tasks
58
What is social development
Development of relationships with peers, friends, relatives, and Adults in the outside world
59
What are the four basic steps in physical human growth in development
Infancy (0-3) Childhood (4-10) Puberty (11-18) Adulthood (18+)
60
When is the most growth during your life
Infancy
61
What happens during infancy
Muscular development and ability to perform basic tasks
62
What happens during childhood
Stability because of bone and muscle growth, rapid growth change from 4 to 6 years
63
What happens during puberty
Growth spurt, pituitary gland triggers growth
64
What happens during adulthood
Most growth has taken place, increased stress
65
What are the two different growth sequences for different body parts
Cephalocaudal and proximodistal
66
What is cephalocaudal sequence
Fastest in head, followed by trunk, then extremities
67
What is the proximodistal sequence
Body movements that originate closer to the center of the body seem to develop earlier than those that originate further from the center
68
What are the three ways to measure age and physical development
Chronological age, skeletal range, and developmental Age
69
What is chronological age
Age measured in years, months, and days
70
What is skeletal age
Each defined by physical maturity of skeleton, degree of bone ossification
71
What is developmental age
Age based on one's ability to perform specific tasks
72
What are the three types of human morphology
Endomorph, mesomorph, and ectomorph
73
What is an endomorph
Pear-shaped body, more fatty tissue and thicker body parts
74
What is a mesomorph
Upside down triangle shaped body, mature early, stocky, muscles, broader bodies
75
What is an ectomorph
Thinner body, narrow hips, longer arms and legs, and later maturity
76
What are fitness objectives
Developing a more active lifestyle, recovering from and injury, or improving athletic performance
77
What is motivational readiness
A measure of an individual's stage o psychological readiness for physical fitness training
78
What is the FANTASTIC lifestyle checklist
A questionnaire that considers a variety of factors effecting lifestyle and well-being
79
What is performance- related fitness
Necessary for higher levels of sport performance or optimal work performance
80
What is health- related fitness
Includes body composition, muscle balance, cardiovascular functions, and metabolic components
81
What is CPAFLA
The Canadian physical activity, fitness, and lifestyle appraisal A standardized test of fitness
82
What is cardiovascular endurance
The ability of the lungs, heart, and blood vessels to deliver adequate amounts of oxygen to the cells to meet the demands of prolonged physical activity
83
What is body composition
The fat mass and the lean body mass
84
What is muscular strength
The maximum tension or force a muscle can exert in a single contraction
85
What is muscular endurance
The ability of the muscle to preform repeated or sustained contractions over a period of time
86
What is flexibility
Refers to the ability of a joint to move freely through its full range of motion
87
What is the beep test
20m multi-stage shuttle run test for aerobic fitness
88
What are scientific models
Ways of conceiving a problem that reduce things to their essentials and establish a basis for influencing them to behave in the ways we want
89
What is equilibrium
A perfect situation where more than one force acts on a body but because both forces are equal, no motion results
90
What is conservation of energy
The concept that energy can never be created or destroyed, but can only be converted from one form to another
91
What are newtons three laws of motion
Law of inertia Law of acceleration Law of reaction
92
What is force as a vector
The concept of force as a outshot a pill of a certain magnitude in a particular direction
93
What is angular acceleration
A quantitive expression of the change in angular velocity that a spinning object undergoes per unit time

Excercise Science (3 decks)

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