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AP Psych Midterm > Unit 3 > Flashcards

Unit 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Biological Psychology

A

concerned with the links between behavior and psychology

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2
Q

Neuron

A

nerve cell: basic building blocks of the nervous system, consists of cell body, dendrites, and axons

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3
Q

Dendrite

A

branching extensions of of a neuron: receive messages and conduct impulses toward cell body

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4
Q

Axon

A

extension of a neuron: ends with branching terminal fibers that pass messages to other neurons, glands, or muscles

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5
Q

Myelin Sheath

A

layer of fatty tissue: insulates axons in some neurons: helps speed impulses

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6
Q

Action Potential

A

neurons fire an impulse after receiving signals

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7
Q

Synapse

A

seperates the axon terminal of one axon from dendrites of another

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8
Q

Neurotransmitters

A

what neurons fire, travel across the synaptic gap and bind to receptor sites on the receiving neuron

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9
Q

Nervous System

A

The network of nerve cells and fibers that transmits nerve impulses between parts of the body

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10
Q

Central Nervous System

A

brain, spinal cord

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11
Q

Peripheral Nervous System

A

links CNS with sense receptors and muscles and glands

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12
Q

Nerves

A

a whitish fiber or bundle of fibers that transmits impulses of sensation to the brain or spinal cord, and impulses from these to the muscles and organs

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13
Q

Sensory Neurons

A

sensory info from body’s tissues and organs to CNS

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14
Q

Motor Neurons

A

CNS sends instructions to tissues

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15
Q

Interneurons

A

CNS neurons internally communicate and intervene between sensory and motor neurons

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16
Q

Somatic Nervous System

A

enables voluntary controls of skeletal muscles

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17
Q

Autonomic Nervous System

A

controls glands and muscles of internal organs, usually operates on its own

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18
Q

Sympathetic Nervous System

A

arouses

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19
Q

Parasympathetic Nervous System

A

calms

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20
Q

Neural Networks

A

neurons clustered in work groups for short, fast connections

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21
Q

Endocrine System

A

secretes hormones

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22
Q

Hormones

A

the secretion of an endocrine gland that is transmitted by the blood to the tissue on which it has a specific effect

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23
Q

Pituitary Gland

A

releases hormones that influence growth, influences the release of other hormones

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24
Q

Lesion

A

a region in an organ or tissue that has suffered damage through injury or disease, such as a wound, ulcer, abscess, tumor, etc

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25
Q

EEG

A

electroencephalogram: a graphical record of electrical activity of the brain

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26
Q

MRI

A

magnetic resonance imaging: the use of nuclear magnetic resonance of protons to produce proton density images

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27
Q

fMRI

A

functional magnetic resonance imaging: a form of magnetic resonance imaging of the brain that registers blood flow to functioning areas of the brain

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28
Q

Brainstem

A

Responsible for automatic survival functions

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29
Q

Medulla

A

controls heartbeat and breathing, controls reflexes

30
Q

Reticular Formation

A

nerve network to brainstem, important in controlling arousal, filters incoming stimuli and relays info to the brainstem

31
Q

Thalamus

A

receives senses except for smell, also receives some of the brain’s higher repliesand directs them to the medulla and cerebellum

32
Q

Cerebellum

A

processes sensory imput, cordinates movement imput and balance

33
Q

Limbic System

A

contains hippocampus, amygdala, and hypothalmus

34
Q

Amygdala

A

influences aggression, fear, and other emotions

35
Q

Hypothalamus

A

directs maintaining activity, controls pituitary gland, linked to emotion

36
Q

Cerebral Cortex

A

intricate covering of inter connected neural cells, ultimate control and information processing center

37
Q

Frontal Lobes

A

involved in speaking, muscle movement, making plans, and judgements

38
Q

Parietal Lobes

A

involved with sensory imput for touch and body position

39
Q

Occipal Lobes

A

visual areas

40
Q

Temporal Lobes

A

auditory areas

41
Q

Motor Cortex

A

responsible for voluntary movements

42
Q

Sensory Cortex

A

receives information from skin senses and movements of body parts

43
Q

Association Areas

A

areas involved in higher mental function

44
Q

Plasticity

A

the brain has the ability to modify itself after damage

45
Q

Corpus Collusum

A

large band of neural fibers that connects the two brain hemispheres

46
Q

Brocas Area

A

crontrols speech areas via the motor cortex

47
Q

Wernickes Area

A

interprets auditory code

48
Q

Hippocampus

A

the center of emotion, memory, and the autonomic nervous system

49
Q

Environment

A

every non genetic influence prenatal to death

50
Q

Behavior Genetics

A

studies the effects of genes and environment on our individual differences in behavior and mental processes

51
Q

Chromosomes

A

threadlike structures made of DNA molecules that contain genes

52
Q

DNA

A

complex molecule containing genetic info that makes up chromosomes

53
Q

Genes

A

biochemical units of heridity that make up the chromosomes

54
Q

Genome

A

a full set of chromosomes

55
Q

Identical Twins

A

develop from a single fertilized egg that splits: genetically identical

56
Q

Fraternal Twins

A

develop from seperate fertilized eggs: no more gentically similiar than older brothers or sisters

57
Q

Temperament

A

person’s characteristic emotional reactivity and intensibility: emotional excitability

58
Q

Heritability

A

the amount of trait variation within a group that can be attributed to genetic differences

59
Q

Evolutionary Psychology

A

study of the evolution of behavior and the mind using principles of natural selection

60
Q

Natural Selection

A

of all the inherited trait variations, the ones that lead to increased reproduction and survival will be most likely passed on

61
Q

Mutation

A

a sudden departure from the parent type in one or more heritable characteristics, caused by a change in a gene or a chromosome

62
Q

Culture

A

the behaviors and beliefs characteristic of a particular social, ethnic, or age group

63
Q

Norm

A

a standard, model, or pattern

64
Q

Individualism

A

the habit or principle of being independent and self-reliant

65
Q

Collectivism

A

the practice or principle of giving a group priority over each individual in it

66
Q

X and Y chromosome

A

determine the sex of an individual, XX for female and XY for male

67
Q

Role

A

the function assumed or part played by a person or thing in a particular situation

68
Q

Gender Role

A

the set of roles and behaviors assigned to or imposed upon females and males by society and/or culture.

69
Q

Gender Identity

A

the gender role that a person claims for his or her self

70
Q

Gender Typing

A

the process of developing the behaviors, thoughts, and emotions associated with a particular gender

71
Q

Social Learning Theory

A

proposes that learning occurs through imitation and modelling of behavior of role models

72
Q

Gender Schema Theory

A

children learn from the culture in which they live a concept of what it means to be men and women

AP Psych Midterm (7 decks)

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