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Chem 2 > unit 3 > Flashcards

unit 3 Flashcards

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1
Q

Functional groups

A

are specific groups of atoms attached to carbon atoms by replacing a H atom. They define the characteristics of a particular group.

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2
Q

alcohols functional group

A

-OH

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3
Q

aldehydes functional group

A

-CHO

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4
Q

ketone functional group

A

-CO

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5
Q

Carboxylic acid functional group

A

-COOH

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6
Q

Ester FG

A

-COO-

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7
Q

ether EG

A

-O-

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8
Q

amine FG

A

-NH2

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9
Q

Amide FG

A

-CONH2

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10
Q

hemiaxcetal

A

c to -OH and -OR

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11
Q

acetal

A

C to 2 -OR

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12
Q

alcohol

ending

A

anol

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13
Q

aldehyde ending

A

anal

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14
Q

ketone ending

A

anone

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15
Q

carboxylic ending

A

anoic acid

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16
Q

If the H atom in a hydrocarbon is replaced by a hydroxyl group (-OH), it is termed an

A

alcohol

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17
Q

• Primary alcohol:

A

An alcohol in which the hydroxyl functional group is attached to a carbon that is itself attached to only one other carbon atom

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18
Q

• Secondary alcohol:

A

An alcohol in which the hydroxyl functional group is attached to a carbon that is itself attached to two other carbon atoms

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19
Q

• Tertiary alcohol

A

An alcohol in which the hydroxyl functional group is attached to a carbon that is itself attached to three other carbon atoms.

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20
Q

• Polyalcohol

A

An alcohol that contains more than one hydroxyl functional group.

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21
Q

• Cyclic alcohol

A

Alcohols that contain cyclic ring e.g. 1-methyl-4-isopropyl-3cyclohexanol ( Or menthol)

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22
Q

methods of preparation of alcohols include

A

hydrolysis

fermentation

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23
Q

Alcohol can be prepared by the hydrolysis of alkyl halides with

A

moist Ag or aqueous alkali

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24
Q

Ethyl alcohol can be manufactured by the

A

fermentation process of molasses

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25
(Fermentation is the
slow decomposition of complex organic molecules into simple compounds by the action of biological enzymes called catalysts.)
26
which have the highest boiling point... and why? Alcohols Alkanes Alkyl Halides
Alcohols have higher boiling points due to inter molecular hydrogen bonding
27
higher energy needed to break bonds means what for boiling point
it needs to be higher
28
alcohols, Soluble or insoluble
soluble in water
29
alcohol organic or inorganic
organic
30
what leads OH bonds to H bonding
High polarity
31
Dehydration of alcohol yield
water and a compound with an extra chemical bond
32
what happens to secondary alcohols during hydration
removal of an H from the C atom with less H
33
is the process of either loss of H atom or addition of O atom
oxidation
34
what increases during oxidation
number of C-O bonds
35
when primary alcohols undergo oxidation the yield
aldehyde
36
when secondary alcohols undergo oxidation they yield
ketone
37
what alcohols do not undergo oxidation
tertiary
38
The solubility of alcohol decreases as
the size of hydrocarbon chain increase.
39
CH3 CH2 OH ---> CH2 = CH2 + H2O is an example of
dehydration
40
Oxidation of secondary alcohols yield a
ketone
41
In aldehydes is attached to an
alkyl group or an aromatic ring
42
Oxidation of primary alcohols
yield aldehyde (discussed in alcohol)
43
Dehydrogenation of 1 alcohols in the presence of heated copper at 573 K gives
aldehyde.
44
Oxidative hydration of ethene in the presence of palladium is used to manufacture
methanal. (methanaldehyde)
45
• The boiling point of aldehydes are
high due to the presence of –CO group in it.
46
aldehydes dipole dipole attraction vs alcohols
lower than the H bond strength in alcohols
47
Aldehydes/ketones boiling point vs alcohols
lower
48
As the size of C chain increase, B.P
increase due to the presence of more electrons and thereby more temporary dipoles.
49
lower aldehydes/ketones solubility in water vs larger ones
more soluble
50
The oxygen atoms from the –CO group forms what bond with the H atoms in water molecules
hydrogen
51
Longer hydrocarbons tend to be polar or non polar
non polar
52
Longer hydrocarbons tend to be non-polar and thus formation of hydrogen bonds becomes
difficult
53
Oxidation of aldehydes give
carboxylic
54
in the presence of AgNO3 and ammonia what happens to aldehyde and ketone
aldehyde oxidizes, yields acid. | ketones do not oxidize
55
Tollens’ test
aldehyde oxidizes, forms silver layer. ketone does not
56
Formation of brick red solid cuprous oxide indicates the presence of
aldehyde with an –OH group. Known as Benedicts test
57
aldehyde with an –OH group.
benedicts test
58
Reduction of aldehydes take place in the presence of
hydrogen or sodium borohydride
59
referred to as the decrease in the number of bonds between C and O in terms of organic compounds or addition of H atoms.
reduction
60
what are catalysts in reduction and product
Catalyst can be Ni, Pd or Pt and the product formed is a primary alcohol.
61
If another double bond is also present in the compound,during reduction what occurs
catalytic hydrogenation cannot be employed since it will reduce both double bond and carbonyl group.
62
ketones
-CO group attached to 2 alkyl groups or aromatic rings.
63
Oxidation of secondary alcohols yield
ketones
64
Dehydrogenation of 20 alcohols in the presence of heated copper at 573 K gives
ketones
65
Reduction of ketones give
secondary alcohols
66
ketones cannot undergo catalytic hydrogenation if what is present
another double bond
67
oxidation of ketones require
breakage of C-C bond
68
Carbonyl group is attached
to a hydroxyl group and an alkyl or aromatic group.

Chem 2 (9 decks)

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