unit 4 Flashcards
(53 cards)
Hetero cyclic compounds are
cyclic organic compounds where other elements such as nitrogen and oxygen are also included in the rings along with carbon atoms
Hetero stands for more than one
element present in a single ring.
the largest and most varied family of organic compounds. They are compounds with 3,4,5,6 membered rings.
heterocyclic
The IUPAC rules allow three nomenclatures
I. The Hantzsch-Widman Nomenclature.
II. Common Names
III. The Replacement Nomenclature
Hantzsch-Widman nomenclature is based on the type
heteroatom; the ring size (n) and is it saturated or unsaturated.
are heterocyclic amines occurring naturally in plants
alkaloids
They show basic characteristics and therefore the name “alkali-like”. These are used as antidepressants, anesthetics and stimulants.
alkaloids
alkaloid examples
nicotine coniine morphine caffeine quinine atropine codeine
nicotine
structure and effect
pyrrolidine structure. It is addictive and increases the adrenaline level in blood.
Coniine is obtained from and what ring structure
obtained from hemlock, is extremely toxic with a piperidine ring.
Morphine is found and used as
found in opium, is an effective pain killer.
Caffeine is found, does and has what kind of ring
found in cocoa
stimulates the central nervous system
a purine ring
Quinine, is from and used to treat
from the bark of cinchona tree, has been used to treat malaria.
Atropine is from and used to
from belladonna
accelerate slow heart rate
and dilate the eyes
Codeine
is from and used for
from opium plant and used in perscription pain killers
oxycotin is from and used for
morphine and a pain killer
PYRROL
a five-membered ring with the formula C4H4NH. It is found in nicotine and other alkaloids.]
very low basic nature due to nitrogen pair
PORPHIN is the parent chemical for
porphyrins
C20H14N4. It is an aromatic heterocyclic solid substance. It consists of four pyrrole rings joined together by four methine (=CH—) groups to form a larger macrocycle ring.
porphin
Around the perimeter of the macrocycle ring, there is a cyclic chain of sp2 hybridized carbon atoms, all of which are part of a conjugated double bond system, giving the molecule its aromatic character
porphin
aromatic character of porphin stems both from its
conjugation as well as its flat or planar geometry, meaning that all the atoms lie in a single plane.
A porphyrin with an iron atom of the type found in myoglobin, hemoglobin, or certain cytochromes is called
heme
indole is what kind of compund
aromatic
bicyclic structure
6 member benzene ring, attached to a five member pyrole ring
first isolated by indigo dye with oleum
indole
