Unit 3 9/17-9/24 vocab

Question 1

Absolutism:

Answer 1

Form of government where all sovereign power is in the hand of a single monarch.

Question 2

Balance of Power:

Answer 2

Condition of roughly equal strength between opposing countries/alliances of countries.

Question 3

Battle of Vienna:

Answer 3

(1683:) Holy Roman Empire forces stopped the Ottoman Empire from conquering Vienna.

Question 4

Boyar:

Answer 4

Russian noble class.

Question 5

Cardinal Jules Mazarin:

Answer 5

Co-ruler of France alongside Queen Anne of Austria.

Question 6

Cardinal Richelieu:

Answer 6

France’s 1st bishop to implement in his diocese the reforms decreed by the Council of Trent.

Question 7

Catalan Revolt:

Answer 7

(Lasting from 1640-1652.) Revolted against Phillip IV (4) of Spain, and was motivated by fiscal, political, and long-standing historical issues.

Question 8

Catherine the Great:

Answer 8

(Ruled from 1762-1796.) Russia’s longest-reigning empress, married to Peter III of Russia.

Question 9

Courtier:

Answer 9

Workers in a king/queen’s court.

Question 10

Czar:

Answer 10

Russian word for ruler/emperor.

Question 11

Divine Right:

Answer 11

Belief that a monarch’s authority comes directly from God, and is absolute.

Question 12

Dutch East India Company:

Answer 12

Company founded by the Dutch in the early 1600’s to establish/direct trade throughout Asia.

Question 13

Dutch Revolt:

Answer 13

(1566.) Netherlands revolting against Spanish rule.

Question 14

Dutch War:

Answer 14

(1672-1678.) Conflict initiated by France under King Louis XIV against the Dutch Republic while aiming to expand French territory.

Question 15

Eighty Years’ War:

Answer 15

Dutch War of independence from Spain (1568-1648.)

Question 16

Frederick the Great:

Answer 16

Former Prussian king who ruled from 1740-1786.

Question 17

Frederick William I:

Answer 17

2nd Prussian king who ruled from 1713-1740.

Question 18

Fronde:

Answer 18

Series of uprisings/civil wars in France from 1648-1653.

Question 19

Grand Embassy (Russia:)

Answer 19

Russian diplomatic mission to West Europe from March 9th, 1697-August 25th, 1698.

Question 20

Great Northern War:

Answer 20

(1700-1721.) Conflict where a coalition led by the Tsardom of Russia successfully contested the supremacy of the Swedish empire.

Question 21

Gustavus Adolphus:

Answer 21

King of Sweden from 1611-1632.

Question 22

Holy Synod:

Answer 22

Governing body of any of the Orthodox churches.

Question 23

House of Commons:

Answer 23

One of the Parliament houses including wealthy land-owners/rich business leaders that represent the middle class and are elected to office.

Question 24

House of Lords:

Answer 24

Upper house of Parliament.

Question 25

Jean-Baptiste Colbert:

Answer 25

French statesman who served as 1st minister of state from 1661-1683.

Question 26

Joint-Stock Company:

Answer 26

One of the new forms of commercial organization in the 1500's/1600's.

Question 27

Louis XIV (France:)

Answer 27

Former French king who ruled from 1643-1715.

Question 28

Maria Theresa:

Answer 28

Ruler of the Habsburg dominions from 1740-1780.

Question 29

Nine Years' War:

Answer 29

(1688-1697.) War between France and the Grand Alliance.

Question 30

Oligarchy:

Answer 30

A small group of people who control a country.

Question 31

Palace of Versailles:

Answer 31

French palace.

Question 32

Parlement:

Answer 32

Supreme court under the ancien regime in France.

Question 33

Partition:

Answer 33

Act of diving a country into multiple parts.

Question 34

Peace of Utrecht:

Answer 34

Ended the War of the Spanish Succession (1713.)

Question 35

Peace of Westphalia:

Answer 35

European settlements of 1648 that ended the Thirty Years' War.

Question 36

Peter the Great:

Answer 36

Tsar of Russia from 1682-1725.

Question 37

Phillip II (Spain:)

Answer 37

Spanish king from 1556-1598.

Question 38

Phillip V (Spain:)

Answer 38

Former Spanish king from 11/1/1700-1/14/1724, and again from 9/6/1724-1746.

Question 39

Russian Academy of Sciences:

Answer 39

New academic center in Europe.

Question 40

Sejm:

Answer 40

Lower house of the national legislature of Poland.

Question 41

Seven Years' War:

Answer 41

(1756-1763.) War between France and England over land.

Question 42

Stainslaw II:

Answer 42

Former Polish king/Grand Duke of Lithuania that ruled from 1704-1733.)

Question 43

Union of Utrecht:

Answer 43

Signed by 7 North provinces of the Netherlands against Spain. (1579.)

Question 44

Urban Gentry:

Answer 44

People who lived in towns, enjoying a reasonable income but lacking the landed acreage of the mansion associated with the country Gentry.

Question 45

War of the Spanish Succession:

Answer 45

(1701-1714.) War caused by King Charles II.