Unit 3 chapter 15/18

Question 1

Absolute Monarchy:

Answer 1

Government system where a ruler in possession of supreme authority (King/queen) where said monarch has absolute authority.

Question 2

Bank of England:

Answer 2

England’s central bank that issued uniform bank notes, extended short-term loans, and provided means for transferring capital for investment purposes.

Question 3

Bill of Rights:

Answer 3

Certain rights of the British people.

Question 4

Charles I:

Answer 4

King of Ireland, England, and Scotland. (Ruled from 1625-1649.)

Question 5

Colonization:

Answer 5

European nations establishing settlements and exerting control over territories outside Europe.

Question 6

Commercial Revolution:

Answer 6

Period of European economic expansion from 1450-1800.

Question 7

Constitutional Monarchy:

Answer 7

Form of government where a monarch acts as head of state within the guidelines of a constitution.

Question 8

Cottage Industry:

Answer 8

System that came before the factory industry where people made products in their own homes.

Question 9

Cotton Gin:

Answer 9

Machine used for cleaning the seeds from cotton fibers.

Question 10

Crop Rotation:

Answer 10

System designed to grow different crops in the same soil at different times of the year.

Question 11

Customs Barrier:

Answer 11

Government-induced restrictions on international trade.

Question 12

Enclosure Movement:

Answer 12

Movement to take land that’d formerly been owned in common by all village members.

Question 13

English Civil War:

Answer 13

(1642-1651.) Series of armed conflicts and political schemes between Parliamentarians and Royalists.

Question 14

External Tariff:

Answer 14

Tax implied to imported goods by a group of countries that have formed a custom union.

Question 15

Glorious Revolution:

Answer 15

Forced England’s monarchy to accept clear limits on its power.

Question 16

Internal Tariffs:

Answer 16

Taxes meant to prevent outside merchants from ruining local businesses/guilds.

Question 17

James I:

Answer 17

Scottish king as James VI (the 6th,) (1567-1625) and first Stuart king of England (1603-1625.)

Question 18

John Rolfe:

Answer 18

Early settler of North America known for being the first person to plant tobacco in Virginia, and marrying Pocahontas.

Question 19

Joseph-Marie Jacquard:

Answer 19

Inventor of the loom.

Question 20

Le Chapelier Law:

Answer 20

A piece of legislation passed by the National Assembly banning guilds like the early version of trade unions.

Question 21

Limited-liability Corporation:

Answer 21

Offers that limited liability protection and pass-through taxation.

Question 22

Long Parliament:

Answer 22

English Parliament lasting from 1640-1660.

Question 23

Mary II:

Answer 23

Former queen of England, Ireland, and Scotland, ruling with King William III. (She ruled from 1689-1694.)

Question 24

Mechanical Hoe:

Answer 24

Device that helped with the growing/harvesting of crops.

Question 25

Mercantilism:

Answer 25

Economic theory that trade generates wealth.

Question 26

Middle Passage:

Answer 26

Passage that transported slaves from Africa to the Americas.

Question 27

Mixed farming:

Answer 27

Throwing/planting seeds in an unorganized way.

Question 28

Navigation Acts:

Answer 28

(1651.) Provisions that intended to target and weaken Dutch control of American/European markets.

Question 29

Oliver Cromwell:

Answer 29

Lord protector/Head of State of the Commonwealth of England, Ireland, and Scotland. (Ruled from 1653-1658.)

Question 30

Parliamentarians:

Answer 30

Political faction during the English Civil War that supported the authority of the English Parliament against King Charles I.

Question 31

Parliamentary Sovereignty:

Answer 31

A concept where parliaments holds supreme authority over all aspects of governance within its jurisdiction.

Question 32

Plantation:

Answer 32

Large agricultural estate in the New World, where crops are grown on a large scale.

Question 33

Proto-Industrialization:

Answer 33

Preliminary shift away from agricultural economy in Europe.

Question 34

Restoration:

Answer 34

Revival of the English monarchy in 1660.

Question 35

Royalists:

Answer 35

Government form where a monarch acts as head of state.

Question 36

Rump Parliament:

Answer 36

What remained of Parliament after Pride's Purge (December 1648,) which removed non-supporting members of military intervention against King Charles I.

Question 37

Speed Drill:

Answer 37

Device that plants seeds at the appropriate spots.

Question 38

Spinning Jenny:

Answer 38

A machine used for spinning more than one spindle at a time.

Question 39

Spinning Mule:

Answer 39

Machine used to spin cotton/other fibers.

Question 40

Steam engine:

Answer 40

A machine that turns the energy released by burning fuel into motion.

Question 41

Thresher:

Answer 41

Device that separates grains from plants.

Question 42

Triangle Trade:

Answer 42

System during the 1500's-1800's where goods were traded among Europe, Africa, and the Americas.

Question 43

Water Frame:

Answer 43

Spinning machine powered by water.

Question 44

William of Orange (William III:)

Answer 44

One of the lords that rules over various parts of the Netherlands.

Question 45

Yeoman Farmer:

Answer 45

More professional farmers who owned a large portion of land and were more independent.

Question 46

Hereditary Monarchy:

Answer 46

Government form where the throne passes from one relative to the other, of a ruling family

Question 47

Episcopal System:

Answer 47

Hierarchical (ranked based off of class/wealth) form of church governance where the chief local authorities are called bishops.

Question 48

Bishops:

Answer 48

A senior member of the Christian clergy who is the main power.

Question 49

Presbyterian:

Answer 49

Protestant Christian denomination (autonomous/self-governed) that originated during the Reformation.

Question 50

Petition of Right:

Answer 50

(Passed/ordered on June 7th, 1628.) English document that asked for a settlement of Parliament's complaints against the Kings non-Parliamentary taxation and imprisonments without trial.

Question 51

Archbishop:

Answer 51

Main bishop responsible for an archdiocese.

Question 52

Anglican Church:

Answer 52

Church of England that agrees with doctrine (written religious teachings) and discipline.

Question 53

Anglican Book of Common Prayer:

Answer 53

Liturgical book used by churches of the Anglican Communion.

Question 54

Instrument of Government:

Answer 54

1653 constitution that was England, Ireland, and Scotland's first written one.

Question 55

Declaration of Indulgence:

Answer 55

(1672.) Suspended the penal code (set of laws) against all religious Nonconformists (non rule-followers), Catholic and Dissenter alike.

Question 56

Test Act of 1673:

Answer 56

Specified that only Anglicans (Christians,) could hold military and civil offices.

Question 57

Revolution Settlement:

Answer 57

Confirmed William and Mary as monarchs. (1689.)

Question 58

Convention Parliament:

Answer 58

Asserted that James had tried to subvert the constitution. (January 1689.)

Question 59

Toleration Act of 1689:

Answer 59

Granted Puritan Dissenters the right of free public worship.