Unit 3

Question 1

Reflexes, Kinesis, Taxis and Fixed action patterns

Answer 1

4 types of unlearned environment-behavior relations

Question 2

Asimple relation between an antecedent stimulus and a reflex response

Answer 2

Reflex

Question 3

To strongly, consistently, and reliably evoke

Answer 3

Elicit

Question 4

A simple relation between a specific stimulus and a specific innate, involuntary response

Answer 4

Unconditioned Reflex

Question 5

Patellar reflex, eye blink reflex, lachrymal reflex, pupillary reflex, respiratory reflex, sneeze reflex, cough reflex, rooting reflex, sucking reflex, salivation reflex, swallowing reflex, peristalsis reflex, reverse peristalsis reflex, reflex related to low/high temperature, reflex to loud sound, withdrawal reflex, activation

Answer 5

Examples of human reflexes

Question 6

A stimulus that elicits an unconditioned response without prior learning

Answer 6

Unconditioned Stimulus

Question 7

A response that is elicited by an unconditioned stimulus without prior learning

Answer 7

Unconditioned Response

Question 8

A temporary reduction in a reflex response due to repeated presentations of the eliciting stimulus

Answer 8

Habituation

Question 9

A reduction in the frequency or magnitude of a response (or set of responses) as a result of prolonged exposure to a stimulus or environmental context

Answer 9

Adaptation

Question 10

A temporary increase in some dimension or intensity of a reflex response due to repeated presentations of an eliciting stimulus

Answer 10

Potentiation

Question 11

The tendency of a stimulus to elicit a reflex response following the elicitation of that response by a different stimulus

Answer 11

Sensitization

Question 12

A stimulus-stimulus pairing procedures in which a neutral stimulus is presented with an unconditioned stimulus until the neutral stimulus becomes a conditioned stimulus that elicits the conditioned response

Answer 12

Respondent Conditioning

Question 13

A simple relation between a specific conditioned stimulus and a conditioned involuntary response

Answer 13

Conditioned Reflex

Question 14

A stimulus that has no eliciting effect on behavior prior to being paired contingently with an unconditioned stimulus or another conditioned stimulus

Answer 14

Neutral Stimulus

Question 15

A stimulus elicits a conditioned response due to prior learning (ontogenic provenance)

Answer 15

Conditioned Stimulus

Question 16

A response that is elicited by a conditioned stimulus due to prior learning

Answer 16

Conditioned Response

Question 17

Short delay, long delay, trace conditioning, simultaneous conditioning and backward conditioning

Answer 17

5 Respondent Conditioning Procedures

Question 18

The ONSET of the CS must come first, 1-2 seconds before the ONSET of the US; very effective

Answer 18

Short Delay Conditioning

Question 19

The ONSET ofthe CS must come first, up to 30 seconds before the ONSET of the US; usually effective

Answer 19

Long Delay Conditioning

Question 20

The OFFSET of the CS must come before the ONSET of the US; sometimes effective

Answer 20

Trace Conditioning Procedure

Question 21

CS and US occur at thesame time; usually not effective

Answer 21

Simultaneous Conditioning Procedure

Question 22

The ONSET of the US must come before the ONSET of the CS; almost always ineffective

Answer 22

Backward Conditioning Procedure

Question 23

A neutral stimulus is paired with a previously conditioned stimulus (CS) rather than with a US

Answer 23

Higher-Order Conditioning

Question 24

Stimulus changes that are subtle, indistinct or difficult to discriminate, and stimuli that have a complex learning history associated with them

Answer 24

Stimuli likely to be ineffective as a CE

Question 25

The process through which a conditioned reflex is weakened by discontinuing to pair the CS with the US

Answer 25

Respondent Extinction

Question 26

The unpairing of the CS and the US

Answer 26

The process of respondent extinction

Question 27

The sudden reappearance of a previously extinguished conditioned reflex

Answer 27

Respondent Spontaneous Recovery

Question 28

The spread of the effects of respondent conditioning to stimuli other than the conditioned stimulus

Answer 28

Respondent Stimulus Generalization

Question 29

Aimed to discover ways that infants learn emotional reactions, and once conditioned aimed to show how to eliminate them

Answer 29

The Little Albert Experiment

Question 30

The Father of Behaviorism who discovered that emotional reactions can be learned and proposed ways to counter-condition phobias

Answer 30

John Watson

Question 31

The effect of a stimulus on a specific response may be innate, due to the evolutionary history of that species

Answer 31

Phylogenic provenance

Question 32

The effect of the stimulus on a specific response may be learned, due to the experiential history of the individual organism in the environment.

Answer 32

Ontogenic provenance