Unit 4

Question 1

Organisms learn through the consequences of their actions

Answer 1

The Law of Effect

Question 2

Discovered The Law of Effect

Answer 2

Edward Lee Thorndike

Question 3

The Experimental Analysis of Behavior

Answer 3

Burrhus Frederick Skinner

Question 4

Behavior that has an effect on the environment and is primarily under the control of its consequences

Answer 4

Operant Behavior

Question 5

The Operant Chamber

Answer 5

Burrhus Frederick Skinner

Question 6

Principles of Operant Conditioning

Answer 6

Burrhus Frederick Skinner

Question 7

Radical Behaviorism

Answer 7

Burrhus Frederick Skinner

Question 8

Analysis of Verbal Behavior

Answer 8

Burrhus Frederick Skinner

Question 9

The Cumulative Recorder

Answer 9

Burrhus Frederick Skinner

Question 10

Programmed Instruction

Answer 10

Burrhus Frederick Skinner

Question 11

Have a strengthening or weakening effect on the future probability of the behavior under similar conditions

Answer 11

Consequences in operant behavior

Question 12

The ability to learn through consequences, which results in new behavior and changes in dimensions of behavior

Answer 12

Operant selection

Question 13

Behavioral variability, selection by consequences, and behavioral reproduction occurs throughout the organism’s lifetime.

Answer 13

Process of operant selection

Question 14

Simplest type of operant contingency

Answer 14

R-S (Response-Stimulus)

Question 15

Basic 3-term contingency

Answer 15

S-R-S, more popularly stated as A-B-C (antecedent-behavior-consequence)

Question 16

2 general types of consequences

Answer 16

Reinforcement and Punishment

Question 17

Conditioned positive reinforcement, unconditioned positive reinforcement, conditioned negative reinforcement, unconditioned negative reinforcement, conditioned positive punishment, unconditioned positive punishment, conditioned negative punishment, unconditioned negative punishment

Answer 17

8 specific types of consequences

Question 18

SR+

Answer 18

Unconditioned Positive Reinforcement

Question 19

Sr+

Answer 19

Conditioned Positive Reinforcement

Question 20

SR-

Answer 20

Unconditioned Negative Reinforcement

Question 21

Sr-

Answer 21

Conditioned Negative Reinforcement

Question 22

SP+

Answer 22

Unconditioned Positive Punishment

Question 23

Sp-

Answer 23

Conditioned Negative Punishment

Question 24

Sp+

Answer 24

Conditioned Positive Punishment

Question 25

Two other types of consequences that consist of withholding previous consequences

Answer 25

Extinction (from reinforcement) and Recovery (from punishment)

Question 26

Discontinuing reinforcement of a previously reinforced behavior

Answer 26

Extinction

Question 27

An environmental change that follows a response and increases or maintains the future frequency of that behavior

Answer 27

Reinforcement

Question 28

Environmental change must occur after the response, must occur immediately after the response, contingent upon the response, must increase or maintain future responding, automaticity

Answer 28

5 Critical attributes of reinforcement

Question 29

Behavior is modified by its consequences irrespective of the person’s awareness; works without any need for verbal-mediation

Answer 29

Automaticity

Question 30

If the opportunity to engage in a “preferred” or “high-probability” behavior is made contingent on engaging in a “less preferred” behavior, the future duration or frequency of the “less preferred” behavior will increase

Answer 30

The Premack Principle

Question 31

A stimulus that, when presented following a response, increases or maintains the future frequency of that response

Answer 31

Reinforcer

Question 32

Conditioned or unconditioned, positive or negative, automatic or socially mediated, variety of schedules, natural or planned, reinforcing under some conditions but not others

Answer 32

6 Variable attributes of reinforcement

Question 33

A stimulus that, usually, is reinforcing without any prior learning; that is, its effect is due to phylogenic provenance(genetics

Answer 33

Unconditioned Reinforcer

Question 34

A stimulus that initially has no innate reinforcing properties, but acquires reinforcing properties through pairing with unconditioned reinforcers or powerful conditioned reinforcers; effect is due to ontogenic provenance (experiences)

Answer 34

Conditioned Reinforcer

Question 35

A conditioned reinforcer that has been paired with a variety of other reinforcers and is effective for a wide range of behaviors

Answer 35

Generalized Conditioned Reinforcer

Question 36

An environmental change in which a stimulus is added (presented) or magnified following a response, that increases or maintains the future frequency of that response

Answer 36

Positive Reinforcement

Question 37

An environmental change in which a stimulus is subtracted (withdrawn or removed) or attenuated following a response, and increases or maintains the future frequency of that behavior

Answer 37

Negative Reinforcement