Unit 3 AOS 2 Flashcards
(67 cards)
1
Q
What is Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs?
A
A theory that posits human needs are structured in a hierarchical order, requiring lower-level needs to be satisfied before progressing to higher-level ones.
The hierarchy includes five levels: Physiological, Safety, Social, Esteem, and Self-Actualisation.
2
Q
What is physiological needs
A
- Basic needs for human such as food, water and shelter.
- Manager can satisfy this need by paying fair wage that enable employees to afford these essential
3
Q
What is the significance of self-actualisation in Maslow’s theory?
A
It represents the pursuit of personal growth and realizing one’s full potential.
4
Q
What is a key advantage of Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs?
A
- Provides a comprehensive framework for understanding employee needs.
- Helps identify and address employees need systematically.
5
Q
What is a key disadvantage of Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs?
A
- Not all individuals prioritize needs in the specified order.
6
Q
How can managers use Maslow’s theory to motivate employees?
A
By identifying where an employee is on the hierarchy and providing strategies to move them up.
7
Q
What is Locke and Latham’s Goal Setting Theory?
A
A process theory of motivation that focuses on setting clear, challenging, and attainable goals with staff.
8
Q
What is disadvantages of lock and latham goal setting theory
A
focusing solely on goal attainment it may lead to unethical behavior or excessive stress.
9
Q
What is the Drive to Acquire.
A
- The desire to obtain material goods, status, and recognition.
- This can be addressed through competitive salaries, bonuses, and reward systems.
10
Q
What is Drive to Bond?
A
- The need to form meaningful relationships and be part of a group.
- Can foster this drive by promoting teamwork, encouraging social interactions, and building a strong organizational culture.
11
Q
What is the Drive to Learn in Lawrence and Nohria’s theory?
A
- The urge to explore, understand, and make sense of the world.
- Organizations can cater to this drive by providing training programs, opportunities for skill development, and challenging tasks that stimulate curiosity.
12
Q
What does the Drive to Defend represent?
A
- The instinct to protect oneself and one’s accomplishments.
- Creating a transparent, fair, and just workplace environment can help satisfy this drive, ensuring employees feel secure and valued.
13
Q
What is a key advantage of Lawrence and Nohria’s Four Drive Theory?
A
- Offers clear strategies for managers to enhance motivation.
- Address both emotional and rational aspect of motivation
14
Q
What is a key disadvantage of the Four Drive Theory?
A
- Balancing all four drives simultaneously can be challenging.
- Some drive may intersect
15
Q
How do the three motivation theories compare in terms of core focus?
A
- Maslow’s Hierarchy: Needs-based fulfillment
- Four Drive Theory: Instinct-based drives
- Goal Setting Theory: Performance-based goals
16
Q
What are the similarities among Maslow’s, Locke & Latham’s, and Lawrence & Nohria’s theories?
A
- Recognize multiple motivators
- Influence of personal and workplace factors
- Application in workplace settings
- Recognize continuous motivation
17
Q
What is safety needs?
A
- physiological safety, job security and workplace safety
- Employers can address these by implementing health and safety protocol and providing stable job contracts
18
Q
What is social needs?
A
- Desire for social connections, friendship and sense of belonging
- Building collaborative and inclusive culture can help meet these needs.
19
Q
What is Esteem needs?
A
- the need for respect, self-esteem, and recognition.
- Employers can satisfy these needs by acknowledging achievements, offering promotions, and providing opportunities for professional development.
20
Q
What is self actualisation
A
- pursuit of personal growth and realising one’s full potential.
- can support this by encouraging creativity, offering challenging projects, and continuous learning opportunities.
21
Q
What does challenge in goal setting refer to?
A
Goals need to be challenging yet attainable to motivate employees.
22
Q
What does committment in goal setting refer to?
A
Employees must be committed to the goals for them to be effective. Involving employees in the goal-setting process can enhance their commitment.
23
Q
What does feedback in goal setting refer to?
A
Regular feedback helps employees track their progress and make necessary adjustments.
24
Q
What does task complexity in goal setting refer to?
A
While goals should be challenging, it’s essential to ensure that tasks are not overly complex to the point of causing frustration
25
What is Performance Related Pay (PRP)?
A financial reward system where employees receive a monetary reward when they meet or exceed performance targets.
26
What are the forms of Performance Related Pay?
* Pay rises
* Bonuses
* Commissions
* Profit sharing
27
What is one advantage of Performance Related Pay?
Directly links pay to performance, motivating employees to work harder.
28
What is one disadvantage of Performance Related Pay?
May encourage employees to prioritise financial rewards over ethical behaviour.
29
How does Performance Related Pay impact motivation in the short term?
Highly effective, as employees are motivated by immediate rewards.
30
How does Performance Related Pay impact motivation in the long term?
Less effective, as financial incentives may lose their appeal over time.
31
Define career advancement.
Promoting employees to roles with greater responsibility, authority, and pay for the achievement of long-term career progression.
32
What are the forms of career advancement?
* Job enlargement
* Job enrichment
33
What is one implementation strategy for career advancement?
Businesses should have internal promotion policies to provide employees with clear career pathways.
34
What is one advantage of career advancement?
Encourages long-term commitment and loyalty to the business.
35
What is one disadvantage of career advancement?
Opportunities for promotion may be limited, especially in small businesses.
36
How does career advancement impact motivation in the short term?
Less effective, as promotions take time to become available.
37
How does career advancement impact motivation in the long term?
Strong motivator, as employees see a clear future within the business and strive for progression.
38
What is investment in training?
Allocating resources to improve employee skills and knowledge.
39
What are the forms of investment in training?
* On-the-job training
* Off-the-job training
40
What is one advantage of investment in training?
Employees feel more confident and competent in their roles.
41
What is one disadvantage of investment in training?
Training can be expensive, particularly external courses.
42
How does investment in training impact motivation in the short term?
May not have an immediate effect, as training takes time.
43
How does investment in training impact motivation in the long term?
Highly effective, as employees feel valued and more capable in their roles.
44
What are support strategies?
Providing employees with assistance that improves their satisfaction at work.
45
What are the forms of support strategies?
* Employee Assistance Programs (EAPs)
* Mentoring and Coaching
* Work-Life Balance Initiatives
46
What is one advantage of support strategies?
Creates a positive workplace culture and improves job satisfaction.
47
What is one disadvantage of support strategies?
Requires strong interpersonal and leadership skills from managers.
48
How do support strategies impact motivation in the short term?
Can provide immediate relief when employees face challenges.
49
How do support strategies impact motivation in the long term?
Creates a supportive work environment, leading to sustained motivation and loyalty.
50
What are sanction strategies?
Applying penalties or disciplinary action when employees fail to meet expectations.
51
What are the methods of sanction?
* Verbal or Written Warnings
* Loss of Privileges
* Reduction in Work Hours
* Dismissal
52
What is one advantage of sanction strategies?
Can quickly correct poor behaviour.
53
What is one disadvantage of sanction strategies?
Can create a negative and fearful work environment.
54
How do sanction strategies impact motivation in the short term?
Can push employees to correct their behaviour and improve performance.
55
How do sanction strategies impact motivation in the long term?
Negative impact if overused, as employees may feel undervalued or fearful.
56
What is Management by Objectives (MBO)?
A strategy where managers and employees collaboratively set individual goals that contribute to broader business objectives.
## Footnote
MBO aligns employee objectives with the business's overall goals and facilitates quick performance reviews.
57
What are key advantages of Management by Objectives (MBO)?
* Aligning employee objectives with business goals.
* Reviewing the performance of employees may be done quickly, as success is determined how much objectives have been met.
## Footnote
This ensures that employees work towards the company's objectives.
58
What is a disadvantage of Management by Objectives (MBO)?
* Employees may become demotivated if they do not receive compensation or recognition after achieving objectives.
* Developing objectives that benefit both business and employees takes time.
## Footnote
This can lead to decreased motivation and engagement.
59
What are performance appraisals?
A process where a manager assesses an employee's performance against standardized criteria, providing feedback and establishing improvement plans.
## Footnote
This method allows for comparison and identification of training needs.
60
What is one advantage of performance appraisals?
* Improves communication between managers and employees during reviews.
* Employees who demonstrate strong performance may be recognised for promotional opportunities
## Footnote
Enhanced communication can foster better workplace relationships.
61
What is a disadvantage of performance appraisals?
* The process can be time-consuming as managers review each employee's performance individually.
* Staff who perform well may desire a promotion or financial reward, increasing the business’s expenses.
## Footnote
This may strain resources, especially in larger organizations.
62
What is self-evaluation in performance management?
An employee assesses their own performance against a set of criteria.
## Footnote
This method encourages discussion about strengths and weaknesses.
63
What is an advantage of self-evaluation?
* Gains insight into an employee’s understanding of their own strengths and weaknesses.
* Employee may want to improve their performance because they are entitle to their own performance
## Footnote
It allows for better work assignments based on self-awareness.
64
What is a disadvantage of self-evaluation?
* An employee may be biased or dishonest in assessing their performance.
* Employees may underestimate or exaggerate their own skills, therefore the evaluation may not be reliable and accurate.
## Footnote
This can lead to unreliable and inaccurate evaluations.
65
What does employee observation involve?
Employees from different levels assess another employee’s performance against a set of criteria.
## Footnote
This 360-degree method collects feedback from various sources.
66
What is an advantage of employee observation?
Provides multiple perspectives about an employee’s performance.
## Footnote
This can lead to a more comprehensive assessment.
67
What is a disadvantage of employee observation?
Results may be misleading if employees are aware they are being observed.
## Footnote
Awareness can alter behavior and skew performance results.
