Unit 3: Bioenergetics

Question 1

What does life need to function?

Answer 1

energy

Question 2

What are autotrophs?

Answer 2

Organisms which make their own food

Question 3

What are heterotrophs?

Answer 3

Organisms that obtain their energy from food consumed

Question 4

What are 5 things that require energy to function?

Answer 4

Maintain Organization
Control all cell processes
Make Larger Complex molecules
Growth
Reproduction

Question 5

What is the main energy molecule for the cell?

Answer 5

Adenosine Triphosphate, ATP

Question 6

How does ATP aid the cell?

Answer 6

Supplies immediate energy needs, contains 12k calories of energy stored in each phosphate bond

Question 7

Where does energy come from?

Answer 7

Breaking chemical bonds in carbohydrates

Question 8

How is ATP made from carbohydrates?

Answer 8

Cells use energy from broken carbohydrate bonds to convert ADP to ATP

Question 9

What is Chemiosmosis?

Answer 9

Movement of ions across a membrane with the concentration gradient

Question 10

What is ATP Synthase, what is it powered by?

Answer 10

It is an enzyme responsible for adding the 3rd phosphate group to ADP to make ATP
It is powered by Chemiosmosis

Question 11

What is the equation for Photosynthesis

Answer 11

6CO2 _ 6H2O –> C6H12O6 + 6O2

Question 12

Is photosynthesis an energy making or energy storing reaction?

Answer 12

Energy storing reaction

Question 13

What absorbs sunlight energy?

Answer 13

pigments

Question 14

What is the most common pigment?

Answer 14

Chlorophyll a

Question 15

What is NADPH?

Answer 15

A high energy electron carrier, NADP+ picks up a H+ and stores energy as NADPH

Question 16

What are electron carriers?

Answer 16

Molecules that transport energy form one molecule to another

Question 17

Where do LDR rxns occur?

Answer 17

Thylakoid membranes

Question 18

What occurs in during LDR rxns?

Answer 18

The chlorophyll absorbs light energy, boosting electrons to higher energy level sin photosystems I and II
Splits water, produces oxygen (expelled) and Hydrogen ions
Hydrogen ions used to make ATP and NADPH

Question 19

What are Photosystems?

Answer 19

Light Harvesting complexes found within thylakoid membranes

Question 20

What is the 1st step of LDR?

Answer 20

Chlorophyll absorbs light energy, boosts electrons to a higher energy level in Photosystems I and II

Question 21

What is the 2nd step of LDR?

Answer 21

Electrons are transferred from PSII to PSI through an electron transport chain

Question 22

What is the 3rd step of LDR?

Answer 22

electron transfer creates a Hydrogen ion gradient. Splitting water leads to ATP synthase converted ADP to ATP via chemiosmosis

Question 23

What is the 4th step of LDR?

Answer 23

PSI oxidizes NADP+ to NADPH

Question 24

Where does the Calvin Cycle occur?

Answer 24

Stroma

Question 25

What does the Calvin Cycle produce and how?

Answer 25

ATP and NADPH from the LDR are used to convert CO2 into high energy sugars like glucose

Question 26

How much energy does the Calvin cycle use?

Answer 26

9 ATP and 6 NADPH

Question 27

What does the Calvin Cycle do with the used ATP and NADPH?

Answer 27

The ATP and NADPH become ADP and NADP+ and are transported back to the LDR to become ATP and NADPH once again

Question 28

What are 2 possible ways to create energy?

Answer 28

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Question 29

What is Cellular Respiration?

Answer 29

Process in which oxygen is used by living cells to release the energy stored in food

Question 30

Is Cellular Respiration aerobic or anaerobic?

Answer 30

Aerobic

Question 31

Where does Cellular Respiration take place?

Answer 31

Eukaryotes: cytoplasm and mitochondria Prokaryotes: cell membrane

Question 32

How much ATP does Cellular Respiration Yield?

Answer 32

36-38

Question 33

What is the equation for Cellular Respiration?

Answer 33

C6H12O6 + 6O2 --> 6H20 + 6CO2 + 36-38 ATP

Question 34

What are 4 important structural features of the mitochondria?

Answer 34

Cristae, Matrix, Inner membrane, and outer membrane

Question 35

What are the 3 steps to cellular respiration?

Answer 35

Glycolysis Krebs Cycle Electron Transport Chain

Question 36

What is the glucose broken into in Glycolysis?

Answer 36

1 glucose molecule is broken into 2 molecules of pyruvic acid

Question 37

How much energy does glycolysis produce?

Answer 37

2 ATP

Question 38

What are the next possible steps to Glycolysis?

Answer 38

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Question 39

What is the equation for Glycolysis

Answer 39

C6H12O6 + 2NAD+ → 2 pyruvic acid + 2 NADH

Question 40

What is the function of the KREB Cycle? (4)

Answer 40

To produce 6CO2, 2 ATP, 8 NADH, and 2FADH2

Question 41

Where does the Krebs Cycle take place?

Answer 41

mitochondria matrix

Question 42

What is the function of the electron transport chain?

Answer 42

To use NADH and FADH2 to produce ATP and 6H2O

Question 43

How much energy does the ETC produce?

Answer 43

32-34 ATP

Question 44

Where does the ETC take place?

Answer 44

Mitochondrial membrane or cristae

Question 45

What is substrate-level Phosphorylation?

Answer 45

Directly phosphorylating ADP with a phosphate and energy provided from a coupled reaction

Question 46

When does SLP occur?

Answer 46

WHen there is a reaction that releases sufficinet energy to allow direct phosphorylation of ADP

Question 47

What are 2 examples of SLP?

Answer 47

Glycolysis, Krebs Cycle

Question 48

What is Oxidative Phosphorylation?

Answer 48

Phosphorylating ADP with a Phosphate using an electron transport chain

Question 49

What are 2 exmaples of Oxidative Phosphorylation?

Answer 49

LDR and ETC