Unit 3: DeLeon on Preference/Reinforcer Assessments

Question 1

method for identifying individual’s preferences amont varios items, events, and activities.

Answer 1

preference assessment

Question 2

approaches to preference assessment

Answer 2

• indirect (informant-based) methods
• naturalistic (in vivo) direct observation
• reinforcer sampling procedures (empirical)

Question 3

a systematic preference assessment method to expose individuals to, or provide an individual with, a variety of stimuli or activities and measuring which are preferred.

Answer 3

reinforcer sampling

Question 4

types of preference assessment

Answer 4

• selection-based preference assessment

- duration-based preference assessment

Question 5

reinforcer sampling procedure in which items are presented systematically to produce preference hierarchies.

Answer 5

selection-based preference assessment

Question 6

types of selection-based preference assessment

Answer 6

• single-item/approach method (single-stimulus assessment)
• paired -choice (forced-choice) preference assessment
• multiple-stimulus preference assessment (with or without replacement)

Question 7

reinforcer samiling procedure in which items are presented, one at a time, in front of the person, and is measured whether or not they were approached. Preference hierarchy is based on the number of times an item was approached given the number of times it was presented.

Answer 7

single-item/approach method (single-stimulus assessment)

Question 8

reinforcer sampling procedure in which items are presented, two at a time, in front of the person, and it is measured which item was approached. Preference hierarchy is based on the number of times an item was selected given the number of times it was presented.

Answer 8

paired-choice (forced-choice) preference assessment

Question 9

n (n-1) / 2

Answer 9

formula to calculate the number of trials derived from a paired-choice preference assessment

Question 10

reinforcer sampling procedure in which all items are presented simultaneously. particpants select one from among all items during each trial

Answer 10

multiple-stimulus preference assessment

Question 11

types of multiple-stimulus preference assessment

Answer 11

• with replacement

- without replacement

Question 12

multiple-stimulus preference assessment in which participants select an item from an array. the same array is presented multiple times.

Answer 12

multiple-stimulus with replacement

Question 13

preference assessment in which items are presented to the individuals and the proportion of time spent engaging the items is recorded as a measure of preference.

Answer 13

duration-based preference assessment

Question 14

multiple-stimulus preference assessment in which participants select an item from an array. The items selected are removed from the array, and this procedure is repeated until all items have been selected from the array.

Answer 14

multiple-stimulus without replacement

Question 15

types of duration-based preference assessment

Answer 15

• single item presentation
• free operant (or multiple item) assessments
• competing stimulus preference assessment

Question 16

duration based preference assessment in which each item is presented individually several times and the amount of time spent engaging the item is recorded as a measure of preference.

Answer 16

single-item presentation (duration-based preference assessment)

Question 17

duration-based preference assessment in which all items are presented simultaneously and the amount of time spent engaging with each item is recorded as a measure of preference.

Answer 17

free operant (or multiple item) assessment (duration-based preference assessment)

Question 18

duration-based preference assessment used to determine the extent to which stimuli displace problem bx.

Answer 18

competing stimulus preference assessment

Question 19

a variety of direct, empirical methods for presenting one or more stimuli contingent on a target response and measuring their effectivenes as reinforcers.

Answer 19

reinforcer assessment

Question 20

types of reinforcer assessments

Answer 20

• single-operant arrangement

- concurrent operant arrangement

Question 21

reinforer assessment in which the reinforcer efficacy of a single item is tested by comparing levels of a response when it is delivered as a consequence to levels observed during baseline (no consequence).

Answer 21

single-operant arrangement

Question 22

reinforcer assessment in which a concurrent schedule is used to compare the relative strength of two or more reinforcers.

Answer 22

concurrent operant arrangement

Question 23

reinforcer schedule in which the ratio requirements increase following each reinforcer delivery. sessions continue until the participant ceases to respond for criterion amount of time (breaking point)

Answer 23

progressive ratio schedule

Question 24

failure to identify an item as a reinforcer because it ranks low in a preference assessment.

Answer 24

false negative (related to preference assessment)

Question 25

identifying an item as a reinforcer when in fact it is not.

Answer 25

false positive (related to preference assessment)

Question 26

Identifies highly preferred stimuli via caregiver report (these results can be integrated with a systematic preference assessement to identify reinforcers)

Answer 26

The Reinforcer Asessment for Individuals with Severe Disabilities (RAISD) (Fisher, Piazza, Bowman, and Amari, 1996)

Question 27

Quantification of the relation between two variables ranked on an ordinal scale. values can range from -1.0 (strong negative correlation) to 1.0 (strong positive correlation).

Answer 27

rank-order correlation coefficients | Spearman's rho; Kendall's tou

Question 28

Found that duration-based preference assessment may help to clarify ambiguous selection-based assessment results.

Answer 28

DeLeon, Iwata, Conners and Wallace (1999)

Question 29

Found that individualized determination of sample lengths was more accurate than predictions based on typical lengths. (for duration based preference assessments)

Answer 29

DeLeon, Toole, Gutshall, and Bowman (2005)

Question 30

Found that the effective use of verbal preference assessments depends on the individual's language abilities.

Answer 30

Cohen-Almedia, Graff, and Ahern (2000) | Northup (2000)

Question 31

Found that although participants showed a preference for food items when food and non-food stimuli were presented together in a preference assessment, when a non-food item was delivered contingent on the occurence of an adaptive response, increased rates of responding were observed.

Answer 31

DeLeon, Iwata, and Roscoe (1997)

Question 32

Found that participants who functioned on level 3 of the ABLA (can make 2 choice visual discriminations) were predicted to be able to indicate preferences only with preference assessments in which they choose among actual objects.

Answer 32

Conyers et al. (2002)

Question 33

Found that stimuli lying along various points of a preference hierarchy produce similarly ordered measure of relative reinforcer value.

Answer 33

Car, Nicholson, and Higbee (2000) | Piazza et al. (1996)

Question 34

Found that low-preference stimuli produced high response rates during the single-operant schedule, but lower rates under the concurrent arrangement.

Answer 34

Roscoe, Iwata, and Kahng (1999)

Question 35

Found that greater stability was observed for the top ranked stimuli.

Answer 35

Zhou et al. (2001)

Question 36

Demonstrated that more responding was allocated to the tasks associated with the daily top-ranked stimulus (identified by the daily brief preference assessment)

Answer 36

DeLeon et al. (2000)

Question 37

Found that stimuli ranked high on a systematic assessment functioned more reliably as reinforcers than those ranked high on a staff opinion survey.

Answer 37

Green, Reid, White, Halford, Brittain, & Gardner (1988)

Question 38

Found that systematic assessments identified more effective reinforcers than teacher surveys.

Answer 38

Cote, Thompson, Hanley, and McKerchar (2007)

Question 39

Identifying representative sampling parameters (Johnston and Pennypacker, 1993)

Answer 39

1- Sample the bx during intervals of varying length 2- note the variability associated with each 3- select the interval for which reductions in variability were either miniscule or unimportant.