Unit 3: digestive Flashcards
(19 cards)
Mechanical Digestion
breakdown of food into smaller pieces and increase surface area for chemical digestion
Chemical Digestion
breakdown of complex molecules into smaller compound. Involves the use of digestive enzyms
Ingestion
place food in mouth
egetion
removale of undigested materials
Mouth
- ingestion
-mechanical: teeth grind food
-chemical: digestive enyme in saliva (from blood plasma) that breaks down starch (hydrolisis)
Esophagus
- no mechanical/chemical
-after swallow transports food from mouth to stomach
-relax in front and contract behind to move food down
-can reverse peristalsis (vomit)
Stomach
-Mechanical: churning
-Chemical digestion of only protein (hydrolisis)
-sphincter muscles that control what goes in and out
Chyme
undigested food that leaves stomach toward duodenum
Rugae
expansion of stomach
Pepsin
starts digestion of proteins and other enzymes made of protein
Hydrochloric acid
-kill bacteria
-activate pepsin
pyloric sphintcer
contarcts to let food through to small intestine
Small intestine
Chemical digestion and absorption of nutrients
Duodenum
1st part of small intestine
mixing of pancreatic enzymes and bile from liver
The absorption of vitamins, minerals, and other nutrients begins in the duodenum
Jejunum
2nd part of small intestine
chemical breakdown of macronutrients by enzyme and some absorption
Ileum
3rd part of small intestine
absorption of micronutrients
Vili
small finger like structures to increase SA for diffusion
Large intestine
no chemical/mechanical
-absorption of water (large SA with folds)
-some minerals may be aborbed to blood
-egetion
-storage of fecees
appendix
- looks like immunine system, may suggest immune functions in the past
-VESTIGAL
