Unit 3a: Cardio

Question 1

3 Main Role of cardio system

Answer 1

Transport, Regulate, Protection

Question 2

3 main components

Answer 2

Blood: medium to carry substances
Blood Vessels: to transport
Heart: pumps to move blood through vessels

Question 3

Relation to other systems

Answer 3

Respiratory and Circulatory: The external respiration is the gas exchange that happens between blood and alveoli (in the lungs)

Digestive and Circulatory Systems: After you eat, your digestive system breaks carbohydrates into simple sugars like glucose. The bloodstream absorbs glucose, which your circulatory system distributes throughout the body. This provides your body enough energy then. (small intestine and blood)

Question 4

Artery

Answer 4

• Carries blood under high pressure away from heart (to lungs/body)

Question 5

Arteriole

Answer 5

-smallest artery that gives rise to capperileries

Question 6

Capillary

Answer 6

thinnest blood vessel with one layer of cells. exange with tissue cells and alveolus happends (oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients, waste)

Question 7

Capillary bed

Answer 7

network of cappilaries around tissue/organ

Question 8

Venule

Answer 8

smallest vein

Question 9

vein

Answer 9

blood vessel that carries low pressure blood back to heart (from tissue/lungs)

Question 10

Arteries vs Vein

Answer 10

Arteria:
thicker/more flexible
inner layer is folded
middle layer is thicker
Vein:
Thinner walls
larger lumen
has valves

Question 11

Pulmonary

Answer 11

carries blood between heart and lungs

Main goal: external gas exanange between lungs and blood

Question 12

Systemic

Answer 12

carries blood between heart of body

Main goals: internal respiration (deliver oxygen to cells and collect co2)

Question 13

Flow of blood

Answer 13

veins in body take blood to heart. comes from superior/inferior vena cava into right atrium. goes down to right ventrivle via tricuspide valve. goes through pulmonary valve and to left/right pulmonary artery and to lungs. (blood low in 02 turn high in 02) comes back through left atrium from pulmonary veins and from left atrium to left ventricle mitral valve. passes through aortic valve and goes to aorta then rest of body

Question 14

LUB

Answer 14

• av valves (tri/bicuspid) closing
  stops blood from going back to atria

Question 15

DUB

Answer 15

• semilunar valves (aortic+pulmary valves) close avoiding back flow to heart

Question 16

Cardiac cycle

Answer 16

a: atria contract (0.1 sec): contract towards ventricle

b: ventricles contract and semilunar valves open (contarcts upwards towards blood vessel): 0.3 sec (longer cause ventricles longer)

c: heart is relaxed, av valves are open (0.4 sec): ventricles start to fill and cycle repeats

Question 17

A

Answer 17

-electricles signals to both areas from SA node
-contract of atria and diastole of ventricles
- pressure increases of atria
-av valves open/semilunar close
-blood flow to both ventricles

Question 18

B

Answer 18

• electric signal from av node
• contraction of ventricle, diastole of atria
  -increase of pressure in ventricles
  -semilunar valves open
  blood flow to ventricles to arteries (aorta and pulmonary)
• Av valves close (Lub)/ semilunar open

Question 19

C

Answer 19

• semilunar valves close (dub)/av close
  -4 chambers are relaxed
  -blood enters atria from vena cava (right atria) and pulmonary vein (left atria)
  more pressure in veins than atrea

Question 20

Depolarization

Answer 20

Electrical signals lead go depolarization of muscle cells (calcium enter cells) when results in contraction of muscle
*signal spreads as calcium leaks

Question 21

P wave

Answer 21

depolarization of atria

Question 22

QRS wave

Answer 22

depolarization of ventricles (repolerization of atria)

Question 23

T wave

Answer 23

Repolarization of ventricles

Question 24

T-P

Answer 24

diastole

Question 25

functions of blood

Answer 25

transport, regulation, protection

Question 26

vasoconstriction

Answer 26

- responce to cold - cappileries narrow+ less blood there and less heat loss -body temp goes up

Question 27

vasodiolation

Answer 27

- responce to heat - capperleries becoming wider -more blood flow= more heat loss -bring body temp down

Question 28

Components of blood

Answer 28

55% plasma, 45% cellular elements (RBC, wbc, platlets) RBS=45% of whole body <1% is wbc and platlets

Question 29

Erythroctye

Answer 29

RBC Function: transport of gases (mainly o2) adaptations: presence of lots of hemoglobin which helps transport o2 no nulceas: makes space for hemoglobin bioconcave disc shape: increases SA for getting o2 through diffusion

Question 30

Leukocytes

Answer 30

WBC Functions: Defense (immunity) including phagocytosis of pathogens, allergic reaction and specific immunity adaptations: Granules with digestive enzymes or to produce histamines

Question 31

Granular

Answer 31

- has digestive enzymes - responsible for non specific deseise (if in body and doesnt belong cell will try and engulf/digest)

Question 32

Agranular

Answer 32

- responsible for specific deseise - will recognize virus and will send signal to next one to produce a specific antibodies to kill

Question 33

Thrombocytes

Answer 33

-platelets -fragments of cell Functions: block cuts and initiate clotting response to form a mesh of insoluble proteins(fibrin) that will stop blood loss adaptiation: Cascade reaction for clotting: can stop if not needed, activation happens to multiple things which makes multiple things happen, starts small and gets big, chemical checkpoints

Question 34

Clotting

Answer 34

When damadged blood vessel platlets send out clotting factors which turns prothrombin which thrombrin which converts fibrinogen (SOLUBLE) into fibrin (insoluble). turns into mesh stopping rbc from passing through. when dried turns into scab where healing happens under (stem cells replace damdged and wbc get rid of infecttion)

Question 35

Blood pressue

Answer 35

amount of force to given area of a blood vessel wall as blood flows through

Question 36

first # vs second #

Answer 36

first: related to systole of ventricles (higher): 120 mmHg second: related to diastole of ventricles (lower): 80 mmHg

Question 37

what effects velocity of blood and force

Answer 37

cross sectional area: area increases= velocity decreasing closer to heart=more force

Question 38

formula of pressure

Answer 38

p=f/a

Question 39

vessels with high/low velocity

Answer 39

Arteries and veins have smaller cross-sectional areas and the highest velocities, whereas capillaries have the most cross-sectional area and the lowest velocities.

Question 40

Granular Cells

Answer 40

Nuetrophil: phagocyte (engulf/digest) the pathogen Eosinophil/Basophil: Will have chemicals related to alergic reation (histamine) also stops parasite

Question 41

endocradium

Answer 41

hearts interior lining

Question 42

myocradium

Answer 42

muscle

Question 43

pericardium

Answer 43

encloses the heart

Question 44

Coronary

Answer 44

Veins: responsible for draining deoxygenated blood from the myocardium into the cardiac chambers Artery: supply blood to the heart muscle

Question 45

Phagocytosis

Answer 45

Cell eats other cell