Unit 3: Enzymes and Digestion - Key Words

Question 1

Enymes

Answer 1

chemicals made by all living cells which speed up the rate at which chemical reactions happen

Question 2

Substrate

Answer 2

the molecule on which an enzyme acts

Question 3

Active site

Answer 3

the part of the enzyme that substrate fitd into

Question 4

Enzyme specificity

Answer 4

each enzyme will only react with one or a small group of substances

Question 5

carbohydrates

Answer 5

a group of enzymes that act on carbohydrates

Question 6

amylase

Answer 6

the enzyme that breaks down starch and sugar

Question 7

protease

Answer 7

enzymes that break down proteins into amino acids

Question 8

lipase

Answer 8

an enzyme that breaks down lipids (fats) into fatty acids and glycerol

Question 9

optimum

Answer 9

the temperature/ph at which the enzyme works best

Question 10

denatured

Answer 10

the active site has changed shape and can no longer work with the substrate

Question 11

thermostable enzymes

Answer 11

enzymes that can work at a range of temperatures

Question 12

digestion

Answer 12

the process by which large, complex, insoluble molecules are broken down into small, simple, soluble ones

Question 13

ileum

Answer 13

part of the small intestine responsible for the absorption of digested food molecules into the blood

Question 14

villi

Answer 14

microscopic outgrowths on the inner surface of the ileum which greatly increase the surface area for absorption

Question 15

lacteal

Answer 15

part of each villus that absorb the digested products of fats