Unit 3 - Land-Based Empires Flashcards
(36 cards)
3 major land-based empires:
In 1450-1750
Manchu/Qing Empire - East Asia
Ottoman Empire - the Middle East
Mughal Empire - South Asia
Gunpowder
in 1450-1750
A transformative military tech. that fueled the rise of land-based empires
What dynasty came before the Manchu Empire in China?
The Ming Dynasty
What’s a similarity between the Ming and Manchu Dynasty?
Confucianism
Imperial/Civil Service Exam
Imperial Dynastic System
Manchu Dynasty = Qing Dynsaty
What’s a difference between the Ming and Qing Dynasty?
Ethnicity - The Ming Dynasty was Han Chinese while the Qing/Manchu Dynasty was ruled by people from the northeastern region of modern-day China (Manchuria)
The Banner System
The Queue Haircut
Manchu Dynasty = Qing Dynsaty
The Banner System
Was used in the Manchu Dynasty
Comprised of households grouped by family and kinship ties
Each household contributed soldiers to the Banner army in times of war
Manchu Dynasty = Qing Dynsaty
The Queue Haircut
Aka - The Manchu queue or pigtail
A distinictive hairstyle men were required to wear in China during the Qing Dynasty
Manchu Dynasty = Qing Dynsaty
The Sacred Edict
A set of 16 instructions from Kangxi Emperor that stressed Confucian ideals
Kangxi was an emperor of the Manchu/Qing Dynasty
How were the Ottomans able to defeate Constantinople?
Gunpowder/Artillery
Constantinople was changed to Istanbul after the Ottomans overtook it.
The Devshirme System
Boys were taken from Eastren European families and forced to convert to Islam
They later joined different military postions within the Ottoman empire (ie. Janissaries, govern. officials, scholars, advisors to the sultant)
They were taken as a “blood tax”
A benefit of the Janissaries
In the Ottoman Empire
Played a large role in expansion
Owed their allegiance directly to the Sultant
Battle of Chaldiran
What as it?
What caused it?
A battle between the Ottomans and the Safavids
Caused by the rivialry between the Ottomans and the Safavids due to the different religous belifs
Tax Farming
In the Ottoman Empire from 1450-1750
People would bid for the rights to collect taxes, which the govern. then sold to them
How did the Spanish Empire’s Alhambra Decree effect the Ottoman Empire?
In 1492
In regards to immigration and population
The Ottoman Empire saw a large number of Jewish immigrates due to their religious tolerance.
Two similarities between the Ottomans and Safavids
Hereditary Rulers
Islamic
Differences between the Ottomans and Sadavids:
Religion
- Safavids - Shi’a
- Ottomans - Sunni
Which two land based empires did the Safavids have religous and political conflicts with?
The Ottomans (to their West)
The Mughals (to their East)
Who did the Mughals defeat at the Battle of Panipat?
The Delhi Sultanate
Babur
Who did he claim descent from?
The founder of the Mughal Empire
Genghis Khan & Tamerlane
One difference between Akbar the Great and Shah Ismali’s relgious policies:
Akbar the Great = Mughal Emperor
Shah Ismali = Safavid Emperor
Akbar = Relgiously tolerant
Shah Ismali = Not relgiously tolerant
Shah Ismali = Shi’a Islamic
Sikhism
A syncretic belif system that emerged in the Mughal Empire with belifs from Islam and Hinduism.
With the teachings of Guru Nanak
Describe the conflict that emerged between the Mughal Empire and the Marthas
At the end of the time period from 1450-1750
The main conflict was over who controlled South Asia and what relgion they were
The Mughals = A Muslim ruling empire over a majority Hindu population
The Marthas = A collection of Hindu groups opposed to the Mughals
Zamindars
Local Hindu princes in the Mughal Empire
They collected taxes for the empire
How did the Qing Empire use imperial portairts to legitimize their rule?
Ehanced the power/prestige of the emperor
