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WHAP > Unit 4 - Transoceanic Interconnections > Flashcards

Unit 4 - Transoceanic Interconnections Flashcards

1
Q

Navigational benefits of Lateen Sails:

A

You could sail in any direction, no matter the direction of the wind

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2
Q

Navigational benefits of Caravels:

A
  • You can sail long voyages at great speeds
  • Small = Maneuverable
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3
Q

Navigational benefits of the Compass:

A

You can orient yourself without relying on the stars

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4
Q

Beyond new tech. to control the wind, navigators also used knowledge of [blank] to sail across great distances.

A

wind/sea currents

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5
Q

Opened a school to teach Islamic/Classical navigational techniques to Portuguese navigators

A

Henery the Navigator

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6
Q

Crossed the Atlantic Ocean in searchof the East Indies in 1492, inadvertently finding the Americas

A

Christopher Columbus

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7
Q

Rounded the Cape of Good Hope to become the first European to reach India by sea

A

Vasco Da Gama

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8
Q

An economic benefit of establishing a trading-post empire:

A

Opened more oppurtunity for trade

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9
Q

Where did Spain expand?

In 1450-1750
2 Answers

A
  • Latin America
  • Southeast Asia
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10
Q

Where did Portugal expand?

In 1450-1750
6 answers

A
  • Latin America
  • West Africa
  • Southren Africa
  • South Asia
  • Southeast Asia
  • East Asia
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11
Q

Where did France expand?

In 1450-1750
2 answers

A
  • Latin America
  • South Asia
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12
Q

Where did the Netherlands expand?

In 1450-1750
6 answers

A
  • Latin America
  • West Africa
  • Southren Africa
  • South Asia
  • Southeast Asia
  • East Asia
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13
Q

Where did the British expand?

In 1450-1750
2 answers

A
  • Latin America
  • Southren Africa
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14
Q

What impact did dieses caused by the Columbian Exchange have on the Westren Hemisphere?

A

Greatly decreased the Native American population

Killed 90%

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15
Q

What impact did the Columbian Exchange have on the economy of Europe?

A

Allowed European empires to grow their economy significantly

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16
Q

What impact did the Columbian Exchange have on the environment?

A

Caused a lot of deforestation and soil erosion

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17
Q

Identify the orgin of the items listed below

  • Sugar
  • Okra
  • Corn
  • Smallpox
  • Malaria
  • Potato

(From the Westren or Eastren hemishpere)

A
  • Sugar - Eastern
  • Okra - Eastren
  • Corn - Westren
  • Smallpox - Eastren
  • Malaria - Eastren
  • Potato - Westren
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18
Q

How did the enslavement of people acclerate the Columbian Exchange?

A

Plantations became more profitable and prominate

Enslaved people were used to work these plantations

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19
Q

Two ways populations in Afro-Eurasia benefited from the new crops from the Westren Hemishpere:

During the Columbian Exchange

A
  • Cash crops allowed them to expand their economy
  • They had a more diverse food source (= more calories)
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20
Q

How did Prince Henry the Navigator advance European understanding of maritime tech.?

A

He mapped the coast of Africa and established a school of navigation in Portugal.

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21
Q

The first European voyager to successfully establish an empire was…

A

…Christopher Columbus.

22
Q

How did the Aztecs respond to the arrival of Europeans?

A

They were unwelcoming

23
Q

How did the Incas respond to the arrival of Europeans?

A

They had little resistance.

24
Q

How did the Mughals respond to the arrival of Europeans?

A

They wanted to trade.

25
Q

What were the Dutch, British, and French attempting to find when they sailed west?

In 1450-1750

A

The Northwest Passage

These trips were unsuccesfull

26
Q

Viceroyalties

And who used them?

A

Spain and Portugal; The king would appoint a viceroy who would rule for him in the westren hemisphere.

A political system used in the Americas to establish control.

Viceroy - held the same power as the king, but still had to report back to him

27
Q

Spainards would convert Native Americans to [blank] and teach them the [blank] language.

A

Catholic Christian; Spanish

28
Q

Vodun

A relgion

A
  • A mix of Catholicism and West African belifs
  • Became a major belif system amoungst free and enslaved Africans
29
Q

Our Lady of Guadalupe

A
  • A marian apparition
  • Played a major role in converting Native Americans to Catholicism

Apparition - a ghostly or spectral form of a ghost or animal that appears and disappears quickly

30
Q

Why were the number of men in Africa decreasing?

In 1450-1750

A

The Transatlantic Slave Trade

31
Q

Identify two effects of

The Spanish Potosi Siliver Mine

A
  • Brought immense wealth to Spain
  • Intesification of the Acapulo-Manilla trade route
  • Increased in coreced labor in the mines
  • Price Revolution - Spanish economy crashed
32
Q

Which empire controled

Brazil, Angola, and Mozambique

In 1450-1750

A

Portugal

33
Q

Which empire controled

Indonesia and Nagaski, Japan

In 1450-1750

A

The Netherlands

34
Q

Which empire controled

Eastern North America and South America

In 1450-1750

A

The British

35
Q

Which empire controled

Westren Latin America and the Philippines

In 1450-1750

A

Spain

36
Q

What policy did Tokugawa Japan enact in response to the arrival of the West?

In 1450-1759

A
  • Restricted trade
  • Proclaimed sakoku

Sakoku = Locked country

Trade limited to Dejima in Nagaski, then only to China, Korea, and the Netherlands

37
Q

What policy did Ming China enact in response to the Arrival of the West?

In 1450-1750

A

limited trade to a few places

38
Q

Maroon Societies

A

Societies of escaped enslaved people; mostly found in/around the Caribean sea or Brazil

39
Q

What were the Cossack Revolts?

A

As the Russian Empire expanded under Romanous, many Cossacks clashed with the Tsars over land, autonomy, and Serfdom.

Leading to the Cossack Revolts

40
Q

What was the effect of the Cossack Revolts?

A
  • The Pugachev Rebellion in the late 1700s
  • Ended with the Cossacks maintaing some level of autonomy
41
Q

Who was the Queen Nanny of the Maroons?

A
  • Nanny and her brothers formed a maroon society in the mountains of Jamica
  • They helped enslaved people escape
42
Q

What did the Queen Nanny of the Maroons’ efforts cause/result in?

A
  • Established her own territory (Nannytown)
  • Maroons would go to sign peace treaties with the British/French
43
Q

Who was Ana Nzinga of Nodongo and Matambo?

A

Ana Nzinga negotiated and fought with the Portugues over their efforts at buying/selling enslaved people

44
Q

What did Ana Nzinga’s efforts cause/result in?

A
  • Was able to call a truce
  • Negotiated a peace treaty
  • Insured independence for her kingdom from the Portuguese
45
Q

Who were the Marthas?

A

A collection of Hindu people who joined together to combat the growing spread of the Islamic Mughal Empire in India.

46
Q

What did the Marthas’ efforts cause/result in?

A

They successfully fought back and defeated the Mughal Empire.

47
Q

Casta System

A
  • A race based hierchal system.
  • Used by the Spanish
  • Limited people’s rights
  • Expelled Muslims and Jews
48
Q

Chattel Slavery

A
  • People were seen as property
  • Race-Based
  • Generational
49
Q

Mit’a System

A
  • Inca Labor System
  • State required men to work on govern. projects
50
Q

Two benefits of establishing a Joint Stock Company:

A
  • Limits the amount of risk to investors
  • A collection of buisnesses were granted monopoly (= no competion)
51
Q

An economic benefit the expansion of trade networks offered African states:

A

Trading gave them access to gunpowder - influence and power grew

WHAP (6 decks)

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