Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Kinesiology > Unit 3 Lecture > Flashcards

Unit 3 Lecture Flashcards

(51 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

which 4 bones compose the pelvic girdle?

A
  • sacrum
  • coccyx
  • 2 hip bones (ilium, ischium, pubis)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

describe the sacrum

A
  • 5 fused vertebrae
  • concave anterior surface
  • BASE superior surface
  • PROMONTAORY ridge projecting along anterior edge of body of S1
  • ALA lateral flared wings, fused transverse processes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

name the 3 joints of the pelvic girdle

A
  • lumbosacral
  • sacroiliac
  • symphysis pubis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

describe the lumbosacral joint

A
  • L5 & S1
  • bodies are separated by an intervertebral disc
  • iliolumbar ligament: transverse process of L5 to posterior portion of iliac crest
  • lumbosacral ligament: transverse process of L5 to ala of sacrum
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

describe the lumbosacral angle

A
  • optimal is approximately 30 degress
  • increases with lordosis & causes shearing stresses of L5 on S1 to increase
  • decreases along with the decrease of lordosis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

describe the SI (sacroiliac joint)

A
  • synovial & nonaxial plane joint between the sacrum & ilium
  • articular surfaces are irregular which helps to “lock the surfaces together”
  • designed for great stability & to transmit weight from upper body through the vertebral column to the hip bones
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

describe the motions of the SI joint

A

only occurs in association with other joint motions

  • NUTATION: sacral flexion
    • occurs with trunk flexion or hip extension
    • the superior sacrum (base) moves anteriorly & inferiorly
    • the inferior sacrum & coccyx move posteriorly
  • COUNTERNUTATION: sacral extension
    • occurs with trunk extension or hip flexion
    • superior sacrum moves posteriorly
    • the tip of the coccyx moves anteriorly

these motions are important during childbirth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

describe the interosseus SI ligament

A
  • deepest and strongest SI
  • connects the tuberosities of the ilium & sacrum
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

describe the pubic symphysis

A
  • held together primarily by 2 ligaments: the superior & inferior pubic ligaments
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

describe a false & true pelvis

A
  • FALSE: no pelvic organs within (L4 and L5 area)
  • TRUE: between the pelvic inlet & oulet & contains portions of the GI tract, urinary tract, and some reproductive organs (in females: the birth canal)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

describe the male & female pelvis

A
  • MALE:
    • superior opening is more heart shaped
    • pelvic cavity is longer and funnel shaped
  • FEMALE:
    • pelvic arch is wider & more rounded
    • pelvic cavity is greater
    • pelvic cavity is shorter
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

describe pelvic tilt

A
  • anteriorly: hip flexion & lumbar hyperextension
  • posteriorly: hip extension & lumbar flexion
  • lateral: pelvis moves as a unit
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

describe pelvic rotation

A
  • pelvis moves on the WB hip joint
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

which 3 bones form the hip?

A

ilium, ischium, & pubis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what kind of joint is the hip?

A

ball & socket (pubis is concave, femoral head is convex)
triaxial joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what are the motions of the hip?

A
  • flexion, extension, & hyperextension
  • abduction & adduction
  • LR & MR
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

name the important bones/landmarks of the hip

A
  • iliac fossa
  • iliac crest
  • ASIS, AIIS, PSIS
  • ischial tuberosity
  • ramus of ischium & ramus of pubis
  • acetabulum
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

name and describe the ligaments of the hip joint

A

cross the joint in a spiral fashion to attach to femoral neck
- ILIOFEMORAL: limits hyperextension
- PUBOFEMORAL: limits hyperextension & abduction
- ISCHIOFEMORAL: limits hyperextension & MR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

define coxa, vara, valga, & genu

A
  • coxa: refers to the hip
  • vara/varus: turned inward
  • valga/valgus: turned outward
  • genu: refers to the knee
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what is the angle of inclination?

A
  • the angle between the shaft& neck of the femur in the frontal plane
  • normal is 125 degrees (170 at birth)

coxa valga angle is greater than 125 (creates a straighter/longer limb)
coxa vara angle is less than 125 (creates a more bent/ shorter limb)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what is the angle of torsion?

Study These Flashcards
A
  • angle between the shaft & neck of the femur in the transverse plane
  • normal is 15-25 degrees

anterversion an increase in the angle (hip is more MR)
retroversion a decrease in the angle (hip forced into LR)

22
Q

describe the knee joint

Study These Flashcards
A
  • synovial hinge joint that allows true flexion/extension & possibly hyperextension
  • largest jt in the body/stability provided by mm & ligaments
23
Q

what are the 2 joints that make up the knee joint?

Study These Flashcards
A
  • tibiofemoral joint (knee joint): tibia & femur
  • patellofemoral joint: patella & femur
24
Q

accessory motions of the knee

Study These Flashcards
A
  • rolls, spin, & glide
  • occur with flexion/extension at the tibiofemoral joint
25
describe the screw home mechanism
*rotation movement that occurs at the knee as it moves into full extension* *in closed chain* the FEMUR rotates **medially** on the TIBIA in the last few degrees of knee extension *in open chain* the TIBIA rotates **laterally** on the FEMUR in the last few degrees of knee extension
26
what is the Q angle of the knee?
*patellofemoral angle* - angle between quads & patellar tendon - ASIS to midpoint on patella & tibial tuberosity to midpoint on patella - normal 10-20 degrees
27
describe the functions of the patella
- increased mechanical advantage by lengthening the moment arm - increases the amount of force of the quads AND protects the joint
28
what are the 4 ligaments at the knee?
ACL PCL MCL LCL
29
describe the ACL & PCL
*ACL* - runs superiorly & posteriorly from anterior tibia (just medial to meniscus) to attach posteriorly to the lateral condyle of the femur *PCL* - runs superiorly & anteriorly from the posterior tibia to attach anteriorly to the medial condyle of the femur *BOTH WORK TO PROVIDE STABILITY IN THE SAGITTAL PLANE*
30
describe the MCL & LCL
*MCL* - *tibial collateral ligament* - flat, broad ligament that runs from the medial condyle of the femur to the medial condyle & superior part of the medial surface of the tibia *LCL* - *fibular collateral ligament* - round, cord-like ligament that runs from the lateral condyle of the femur to the fibular head *BOTH WORK TO PROVIDE STABILITY IN THE FRONTAL PLANE*
31
describe the menisci
- medial & lateral meniscus - function: absorb shock & deepen articular surface of tibia
32
how many bursae at the knee?
13
33
pes anserine
- goose foot - sartorius, gracilis, & semitendinosus attach together at the proximal, medial, anterior surface of the tibia
34
name the bones/landmarks that make up the ankle/foot
- tibia & fibula *tarsals* - calcaneus - talus - navicular - medial, intermediate, lateral cunieforms - metatarsals - phalanges
35
describe the tarsals
- calcaneus: largest, posterior - talus: second largest - navicular: on medial side of foot - cuneiforms: 3 - cuboid: on lateral side of foot
36
describe the metatarsals
- 1st and 5th are WB bones - base os the proximal end of each tarsal - head is the distal end of each bone
37
what are the movements of the toes?
- flexion, extension, hyperextension - abduction & adduction
38
describe the hindfoot, midfoot, and forefoot
- *hindfoot* calcaneus & talus: initial contact with ground - *midfoot* navicular, cuneiforms, & cuboid: provides stability & mobility to foot & transmits movement from hindfoot to forefoot - *forefoot* 5 metatarsals & all phalanges: adapts to the level of the ground
39
what are the 3 main functions of the ankle & joint
- acts as a shock absorber at heel strike - adapts to level or uneven surface - provides a stable BOS to propel the body forward
40
describe the actions of the ankle in association with their plane & axis
- dorsiflexion & plantar flexion: sagittal plane, frontal axis - inversion & eversion: frontal plane, sagittal axis - abduction & adduction: transverse plane
41
describe supination & pronation of the foot
*describe foot position, not ROM* - supination: combo of PF, IN, & adduction - pronation: combo of DF, EV, & abduction
42
describe calcaneal positions
- neutral: normal - valgus: distal segment is positioned away from midline - varus: distal segment is positioned towards the midline
43
describe the tibiofibular joint
- *superior* uniaxial synovial joint that dissipates torsional stresses applied at the ankle joint -*inferior* syndesmosis fibrous union of several ligaments; much of the ankle jt strength is dependent on a strong union here
44
describe the talocrural/talotibial joint
- uniaxial hinge joint, triplanar - talus is the projecting piece - between the tibia and fibula is a notch
45
describe the subtalar/talocalcaneal joint
has a primarily gliding motion
46
which 4 ligaments make up the medial side of the ankle?
*deltoid ligaments* - posterior tibiotalar - anterior tibiotalar - tibionavicular - tibiocalcaneal
47
describe the function of the deltoid ligaments
- strengthens the medial side of the ankle joint - holds the calcaneus & navicular against the talus - helps to maintain the *medial longitudinal arch*
48
name & describe the 3 ligaments that make up the lateral side of the ankle
- posterior talofibular (fairly strong) - anterior talofibular (weak) - calcaneofibular (runs vertically)
49
name and describe the arches of the foot
- MEDIAL LONGITUDINAL ARCH: *talus is the keystone* depresses during WB & recoils (normally never touches the ground) - LATERAL LONGITUDINAL ARCH: *from calcaneus through cuboid to 4th & 5th metatarsals* normally rests on ground during WB - TRANSVERSE ARCH: *2nd cunieform is the keystone*
50
what are the arches of the foot maintained by?
- shape of bones & relation to each other - muscles - spring ligament supports medial side of longitudinal arch - long plantar ligament is main support & short plantar plantar ligament assists in support of lateral longitudinal arch - plantar aponeurosis
51
describe plantar aponeurosis
- from calcaneus to proximal phalanges - keeps posterior segments from separating - increases stability of the foot & arches during WB

Kinesiology (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions