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Lathallan N5 Biology > Unit 3 - Life on Earth > Flashcards

Unit 3 - Life on Earth Flashcards

(73 cards)

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1
Q

The variety of life forms in a particular area. The higher it is the better

A

Biodiversity

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2
Q

Organisms which produce their own food source

A

Producers

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3
Q

Organisms which require to eat other organisms to survive

A

Consumer

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4
Q

Organism which only eats plant material

A

Herbivore

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5
Q

Organism which eats both plant and animal matter

A

Omnivore

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6
Q

Organism which only eats animals

A

Carnivore

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7
Q

Define the word:

Species

A

Organisms that can reproduce to have fertile offspring

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8
Q

The number of one species of organism in a habitat

A

Population

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9
Q

All the different species in a habitat

A

Community

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10
Q

Define the word:

Ecosystem

A

All the living organisms and non-living components in a particular habitat

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11
Q

Define the word:

Niche

A

The role an organism plays within a community

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12
Q

Intraspecific competition occurs between …

A

Members of the SAME species

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13
Q

Interspecific competition occurs between …

A

Members of different species

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14
Q

Give an example of something organisms would compete for

A

Sunlight (plants)
Habitat
Food
Mates

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15
Q

Why is intraspecific competition more intense than interspecific?

A

Organisms of the same species all require the exact same resources

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16
Q

Non-living factors that affect biodiversity.

A

Abtiotic factors

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17
Q

Examples of abiotic factors

A 
Temperature
OR
Light intensity
OR
pH
OR
Oxygen concentration
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18
Q

Examples of biotic factors

A 
Predation
OR
Grazing
OR
Food availability
OR
Disease
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19
Q

The place an organism lives

A

Habitat

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20
Q

A relationship between animals in which one hunts, kills and eats the other

A

Predation

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21
Q

A feeding relationship between two organisms in which one organism benefits and the host is harmed

A

Parasitism

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22
Q

Percentage of energy lost at each level of a food chain

A

90%

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23
Q

Percentage of the energy in food used for growth

A

10%

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24
Q

Ways in which energy is lost at each level in a food chain

A 
Heat
OR
Movement
OR
Undigested food
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25
A diagram with the width of each bar representing the number of organisms at that feeding level in a food chain
Pyramid of numbers
26
A diagram with the width of each bar representing the total mass of organisms at each stage of a food chain
Pyramid of biomass
27
A method for sampling ground living invertebrates in an area by placing concealed pits for them to fall into
Pitfall traps
28
A square placed on the ground before counting the plants inside
Quadrat
29
Ways to reduce sampling error with quadrats or pitfall traps
Place randomly Take many samples
30
Reason for sampling several times with a quadrat
Increase reliability
31
Instruments used to measure abiotic factors
``` Light meter OR Moisture meter OR pH meter OR Thermometer ```
32
Helped to identify organisms
Biological keys
33
Their presence or absence indicate environmental quality/levels of pollution
Indicator species
34
Number of stages in photosynthesis
2
35
First stage of photosynthesis in which water is split
Photolysis
36
Molecule which traps light energy from the sun
Chlorophyll
37
Leaf organelle which contains chlorophyll and is the site of photosynthesis
Chloroplast
38
Energy rich molecule synthesised during the light reaction
ATP
39
Type of energy in ATP
Chemical energy
40
Required to synthesis ATP
ADP + Pi + energy
41
Produced when water is split
Hydrogen and Oxygen (and energy)
42
A by-product of water splitting that diffuses out of the leaf
Oxygen
43
Carries hydrogen from the first to the second stage
Hydrogen Acceptor
44
Second stage of photosynthesis where glucose is synthesised
Carbon fixation
45
Controls the series of photosynthesis reactions
Enzymes
46
Produced by water splitting and combines with carbon dioxide to produce glucose
Hydrogen
47
Molecules required to produce glucose
Hydrogen, Carbon dioxide and ATP
48
Product of photosynthesis that can be used in respiration or converted to other molecules
Glucose
49
Structural carbohydrate used to make cell walls
Cellulose
50
Storage carbohydrate in plants
Starch
51
Word equation for photosynthesis
Water + Carbon dioxide -----> Glucose + Oxygen
52
Term for an essential input in short supply that reduces the rate of photosynthesis
Limiting factor
53
Limiting factor on a cloudy day in summer
Light intensity
54
Limiting factor on a sunny day in winter
Temperature
55
Three factors that may limit the rate of photosynthesis
Light intensity & temperature & carbon dioxide concentration
56
Nitrate rich substances used by farmers to grow crops
Fertilisers
57
Chemicals use by farmers to eradicate insects and weeds
Pesticides
58
Process of fertilisers leaching into fresh water
Eutrophication
59
Define the process of eutrophication
1. Fertilisers wash into rivers and lakes 2. Algal blooms grow and block out light 3. Plants in water die and eaten by bacteria 4. Bacteria use up available oxygen in water 5. Animals may die due to lack of oxygen
60
Technique involving gene alteration to reduce fertilisers
Genetic modification
61
Term given to pesticides accumulating in food chains, causing increased toxicity
Bioaccumulation
62
Random changes to genetic material that are the only source of new alleles
Mutation
63
Environmental factors that increase the rate of mutation
``` Radiation OR UV light OR X-rays OR Some chemicals ```
64
An inherited characteristic that makes an organism well suited to survive in its environment
Adaptation
65
Biological term for a group of organisms that can interbreed and produce fertile offspring
Species
66
Biological term for an organism best adapted to its environment surviving and passing on its favourable alleles to its offspring
Natural Selection
67
Biological term for an organism best adapted to its environment surviving and passing on its favourable alleles to its offspring
Natural Selection OR Survival of the fittest
68
Factors in the environment which make the survival of certain individuals more likely than others
Selective pressures
69
The process by which a new species can arise as a result of the isolation of a part of a population in an environment with different selection pressures
Speciation
70
When part of a species is separated from the rest so that they cannot interbreed for a long period of time
Isolation
71
A reason for different alleles arising in two isolated sub-populations
Mutations
72
Biological term for the gradual change in the genetic make up of a population as a result of natural selection over many generations.
Evolution
73
What results when different selection pressures select for different mutations in two isolated sub-populations over a long period of time?
Two different species

Lathallan N5 Biology (3 decks)

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