Unit 3 List 1 DNA and Heredity MCA

Question 1

Adenine

Answer 1

A chemical compound that is used to make one of the building blocks of DNA and RNA

Question 2

Amino Acid

Answer 2

molecules that combine to form proteins.

Question 3

Anticodon

Answer 3

a triplet of nucleotide bases in transfer RNA that identifies the amino acid carried and binds to a complementary codon in messenger RNA during protein synthesis at a ribosome.

Question 4

Cell types

Answer 4

the basic functional units of an organism

Question 5

Cell differentiation

Answer 5

the process in which a stem cell changes from one type to a differentiated one. Usually, the cell changes to a more specialized type

Question 6

Chromosome

Answer 6

A structure found inside the nucleus of a cell

Question 7

Codon

Answer 7

A sequence of three DNA or RNA nucleotides that corresponds with a specific amino acid or a stop signal during protein synthesis

Question 8

Cytoplasm

Answer 8

the gelatinous liquid that fills the inside of a cell. It is composed of water, salts, and various organic molecules.

Question 9

Cytosine

Answer 9

A chemical compound that is used to make one of the building blocks of DNA and RNA

Question 10

Deoxyribose

Answer 10

a pentose sugar important in the formation of DNA, or deoxyribonucleic acid

Question 11

DNA

Answer 11

the molecule that carries genetic information for the development and functioning of an organism

Question 12

Double helix

Answer 12

a term used to describe the physical structure of DNA

Question 13

Endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 13

The endoplasmic reticulum is a part of a transportation system of the eukaryotic cell, and has many other important functions such as protein folding. It is a type of organelle made up of two subunits

Question 14

Enzyme

Answer 14

proteins that act as biological catalysts by accelerating chemical reactions.

Question 15

Gene

Answer 15

The basic unit of heredity passed from parent to child.

Question 16

Golgi apparatus

Answer 16

an organelle found in most eukaryotic cells. Part of the endomembrane system in the cytoplasm, it packages proteins into membrane-bound vesicles inside the cell before the vesicles are sent to their destination

Question 17

Guanine

Answer 17

A chemical compound that is used to make one of the building blocks of DNA and RNA

Question 18

Hydrogen bond

Answer 18

the electromagnetic attraction created between a partially positively charged hydrogen atom attached to a highly electronegative atom and another nearby electronegative atom

Question 19

mRNA

Answer 19

A type of RNA found in cells. mRNA molecules carry the genetic information needed to make proteins.

Question 20

Mutation

Answer 20

an alteration in the nucleic acid sequence of the genome of an organism, virus, or extrachromosomal DNA

Question 21

Nitrogenous base

Answer 21

A molecule that contains nitrogen and has the chemical properties of a base.

Question 22

Nuclear membrane

Answer 22

a double layer that encloses the cell’s nucleus, where the chromosomes reside.

Question 23

Nucleic acid

Answer 23

naturally occurring chemical compounds that serve as the primary information-carrying molecules in cells.

Question 24

Nucleotide

Answer 24

A nucleotide is the basic building block of nucleic acids

Question 25

Nucleus

Answer 25

the structure in a cell that contains the chromosomes.

Question 26

Phosphate group

Answer 26

a phosphorus atom bound to four oxygen atoms

Question 27

Peptide bond

Answer 27

a chemical bond formed between two molecules when the carboxyl group of one molecule reacts with the amino group of the other molecule

Question 28

Polypeptides

Answer 28

a continuous, unbranched chain of amino acids joined by peptide bonds.

Question 29

Protein synthesis

Answer 29

the process that cells use to create proteins

Question 30

Ribose

Answer 30

an organic compound classified as a monosaccharide, or simple sugar

Question 31

Ribosome

Answer 31

the cellular machinery responsible for making proteins

Question 32

RNA

Answer 32

RNA is a single-stranded molecule which has a shorter chain of nucleotides

Question 33

rRNA

Answer 33

ribosomal RNA (rRNA), molecule in cells that forms part of the protein-synthesizing organelle known as a ribosome and that is exported to the cytoplasm to help translate the information in messenger RNA (mRNA) into protein.

Question 34

Start codon

Answer 34

the first codon of a messenger RNA (mRNA) transcript translated by a ribosome.

Question 35

Stop codon

Answer 35

a sequence of three nucleotides (a trinucleotide) in DNA or messenger RNA (mRNA) that signals a halt to protein synthesis in the cell

Question 36

Thymine

Answer 36

a pyrimidine, which means that it is composed of a single ring consisting of 4 carbon atoms and 2 nitrogen atoms.

Question 37

Transcription

Answer 37

the process of copying a segment of DNA into RNA

Question 38

Translation

Answer 38

process in living cells in which proteins are produced using RNA molecules as templates. The generated protein is a sequence of amino acids.

Question 39

tRNA

Answer 39

a type of RNA molecule that helps decode a messenger RNA (mRNA) sequence into a protein.

Question 40

Uracil

Answer 40

a nitrogenous base that is a component of RNA.

Question 41

Vesicle

Answer 41

a structure within or outside a cell, consisting of liquid or cytoplasm enclosed by a lipid bilayer.