Unit 3 List 1 DNA & Heredity

Question 1

a compound which is one of the four constituent bases of nucleic acids. A purine derivative, it is paired with thymine in double-stranded DNA.

Answer 1

Adenine

Question 2

molecules that combine to form proteins.

Answer 2

Amino Acids

Question 3

a trinucleotide sequence located at one end of a transfer RNA (tRNA) molecule, which is complementary to a corresponding codon in a messenger RNA (mRNA) sequence.

Answer 3

Antiocodon

Question 4

the basic functional units of an organism

Answer 4

Cell types

Question 5

which young, immature (unspecialized) cells take on individual characteristics and reach

Answer 5

cell differentiation

Question 6

a threadlike structure of nucleic acids and protein found in the nucleus of most living cells, carrying genetic information in the form of genes.

Answer 6

chromosome

Question 7

the gelatinous liquid that fills the inside of a cell.

Answer 7

Cytoplasm

Question 8

A codon is a DNA or RNA sequence of three nucleotides (a trinucleotide) that forms a unit of genomic information encoding a particular amino acid or signaling the termination of protein synthesis (stop signals).

Answer 8

codon

Question 9

a compound found in living tissue as a constituent base of nucleic acids. It is paired with guanine in double-stranded DNA.

Answer 9

cytosine

Question 10

a unit of heredity which is transferred from a parent to offspring and is held to determine some characteristic of the offspring.

Answer 10

gene

Question 10

a pair of parallel helices intertwined about a common axis, especially that in the structure of the DNA molecule.

Answer 10

double helix

Question 11

a sugar derived from ribose by replacing a hydroxyl group with hydrogen.

Answer 11

deoxyribose

Question 11

a self-replicating material that is present in nearly all living organisms as the main constituent of chromosomes. It is the carrier of genetic information.

Answer 11

DNA

Question 11

a substance produced by a living organism which acts as a catalyst to bring about a specific biochemical reaction.

Answer 11

enzyme

Question 12

a network of membranous tubules within the cytoplasm of a eukaryotic cell, continuous with the nuclear membrane. It usually has ribosomes attached and is involved in protein and lipid synthesis.

Answer 12

endoplasmic reticulum

Question 13

a compound that occurs in guano and fish scales, and is one of the four constituent bases of nucleic acids. A purine derivative, it is paired with cytosine in double-stranded DNA.

Answer 13

Guanine

Question 13

a weak bond between two molecules resulting from an electrostatic attraction between a proton in one molecule and an electronegative atom in the other.

Answer 13

Hydrogen Bond

Question 13

a complex of vesicles and folded membranes within the cytoplasm of most eukaryotic cells, involved in secretion and intracellular transport.

Answer 13

Golgi apparatus

Question 13

a mutation is an alteration in the nucleic acid sequence of the genome of an organism, virus, or extrachromosomal DNA.

Answer 13

Mutation

Question 13

nitrogenous compounds that form an important part of the nucleotides.

Answer 13

nitrogenous base

Question 14

a type of single-stranded RNA involved in protein synthesis.

Answer 14

mRNA

Question 14

a double layer that encloses the cell’s nucleus, where the chromosomes reside.

Answer 14

nuclear membrane

Question 14

a compound consisting of a nucleoside linked to a phosphate group. Nucleotides form the basic structural unit of nucleic acids such as DNA.

Answer 14

nucleotide

Question 14

a complex organic substance present in living cells, especially DNA or RNA, whose molecules consist of many nucleotides linked in a long chain.

Answer 14

Nucleic Acid

Question 14

a covalent bond that links amino acids together to form a protein.

Answer 14

Peptide Bond

Question 14

the structure in a cell that contains the chromosomes.

Answer 14

nucleus

Question 15

A functional group characterized by a phosphorus atom bonded to four oxygen atoms (three single bonds and one double bond).

Answer 15

Phosphate group

Question 16

A substance that contains many amino acids

Answer 16

polypeptides

Question 17

the process that cells use to create proteins.

Answer 17

Protein Synthesis

Question 18

a sugar of the pentose class which occurs widely in nature as a constituent of nucleosides and several vitamins and enzymes.

Answer 18

ribose

Question 19

a minute particle consisting of RNA and associated proteins found in large numbers in the cytoplasm of living cells. They bind messenger RNA and transfer RNA to synthesize polypeptides and proteins.

Answer 19

ribosome

Question 20

Ribonucleic acid is a polymeric molecule that is essential for most biological functions, either by performing the function itself or by forming a template for the production of proteins.

Answer 20

RNA

Question 21

a molecule in cells that forms part of the protein-synthesizing organelle known as a ribosome

Answer 21

rRNA

Question 22

it the first codon in the transcribed mRNA that undergoes translation.

Answer 22

Start Codon

Question 23

(a trinucleotide) in DNA or messenger RNA (mRNA) that signals a halt to protein synthesis in

Answer 23

Stop Codon

Question 24

a compound which is one of the four constituent bases of nucleic acids. A pyrimidine derivative, it is paired with adenine in double-stranded DNA.

Answer 24

thymine

Question 25

the process of making an RNA copy of a gene's DNA sequence.

Answer 25

Transcription

Question 26

the process of translating the sequence of a messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule to a sequence of amino acids during protein synthesis.

Answer 26

translation

Question 27

a small RNA molecule that plays a key role in protein synthesis.

Answer 27

tRNA

Question 28

a compound found in living tissue as a constituent base of RNA. In DNA its place is taken by thymine.

Answer 28

Uracil

Question 29

a small fluid-filled bladder, sac, cyst, or vacuole within the body.

Answer 29

Vesicle