Unit 3 List 3 DNA & Heredity

Question 1

The process by which a single parent cell splits to form new cells, known as daughter cells.

Answer 1

cellular division

Question 2

the female reproductive cell, or gamete, in most multicellular organisms

Answer 2

egg cell

Question 3

changes, especially heritable changes, in the characteristics of a cell or organism that result from altered gene expression or other effects not involving changes to the DNA sequence itself.

Answer 3

epigenetic

Question 4

The process of combining the male gamete, or sperm, with the female gamete, or ovum.

Answer 4

fertilization

Question 5

the haploid set of chromosomes in a gamete or microorganism, or in each cell of a multicellular organism.

Answer 5

genome

Question 6

a particular genetically determined characteristic or quality that distinguishes somebody.

Answer 6

Inherited traits

Question 7

an organism composed of many cells.

Answer 7

Multicellular organism

Question 8

the production of new living organisms by combining genetic information from two individuals of different types (sexes). In most higher organisms, one sex (male) produces a small motile gamete which travels to fuse with a larger stationary gamete produced by the other (female).

Answer 8

sexual reproduction

Question 9

the male reproductive cell, or gamete, in anisogamous forms of sexual reproduction

Answer 9

sperm cell

Question 10

the gene in question is located on one of the numbered, or non-sex, chromosomes.

Answer 10

autosomal

Question 11

a form of dominance wherein the dominant allele completely masks the effect of the recessive allele in heterozygous conditions.

Answer 11

complete dominance

Question 12

a mating experiment between two organisms that are identically hybrid for two traits.

Answer 12

dihybrid cross

Question 13

1st filial generation obtained by crossing two different parents.

Answer 13

F1(First

Question 14

consists of the offspring from allowing the F1 individuals to interbreed .

Answer 14

F2 (second filial)

Question 15

the genetic constitution of an individual organism.

Answer 15

genotype

Question 16

the number of times a genotype would appear in the offspring after a test cross.

Answer 16

genotypic ratio

Question 17

p^2 + 2pq + q^2 = 1

Answer 17

Hardy-Weinberg Conditions

Question 18

the genetic variation in a population will remain constant from one generation to the next in the absence of disturbing factors.

Answer 18

Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium

Question 19

a form of Gene interaction in which both alleles of a gene at a locus are partially expressed, often resulting in an intermediate or different phenotype.

Answer 19

incomplete dominance

Question 20

a genetic mix between two individuals with homozygous genotypes which result in an opposite phenotype.

Answer 20

monohybrid cross

Question 21

the first in any genetic cross pollination experiment.

Answer 21

P (parental) generation

Question 22

an individual’s observable traits

Answer 22

phenotype

Question 23

a ratio comparing the possible outcomes for an organism based on physical appearance.

Answer 23

phenotypic ratio

Question 24

a characteristic, such as height or skin color, that is influenced by two or more genes.

Answer 24

polygenic inheritance

Question 25

a particular section, group, or type of people or animals living in an area or country.

Answer 25

population

Question 26

the quantitative relation between two amounts showing the number of times one value contains or is contained within the other.

Answer 26

ratio

Question 27

a change or difference in condition, amount, or level, typically with certain limits.

Answer 27

variation