Unit 3 List 1 DNA & Heredity AL

Question 1

Adenine

Answer 1

A compound which is one of the four constituent bases of nucleic acids. A purine derivative, it is paired with thymine in double-stranded DNA.

Question 2

Amino Acid

Answer 2

Molecules that combine to form proteins.

Question 3

Anticodon

Answer 3

A sequence of three nucleotides forming a unit of genetic code in a transfer RNA molecule.

Question 4

Cell Types

Answer 4

Basic functional units of an organism.

Question 5

Cell Differentiation

Answer 5

The process during which young, immature cells take on individual characteristics and reach their mature form and function.

Question 6

chromosome

Answer 6

Thread-like structures located inside the nucleus of all animal and plant cells.

Question 7

codon

Answer 7

A sequence of three consecutive nucleotides in a DNA or RNA molecule that codes for a specific amino acid.

Question 8

cytoplasm

Answer 8

The gelatinous liquid that fills the inside of a cell.

Question 9

cytosine

Answer 9

A compound found in living tissue as a constituent base of nucleic acids. It is paired with guanine in double-stranded DNA.

Question 10

deoxyribose

Answer 10

A sugar that has five carbon atoms and four oxygen atoms in each molecule and is part of DNA.

Question 11

DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)

Answer 11

The molecule that carries genetic information for the development and functioning of an organism.

Question 12

double helix

Answer 12

A term used to describe the physical structure of DNA.

Question 13

endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 13

A network of membrane-enclosed tubules and sacs that extend from the nuclear membrane throughout the cytoplasm.

Question 14

enzyme

Answer 14

Proteins that help speed up metabolism, or the chemical reactions in our bodies.

Question 15

gene

Answer 15

A unit of heredity which is transferred from a parent to offspring and is held to determine some characteristic of the offspring.

Question 16

Golgi apparatus

Answer 16

A cell organelle that helps process and package proteins and lipid molecules, especially proteins destined to be exported from the cell.

Question 17

guanine

Answer 17

A chemical compound that is used to make one of the building blocks of DNA and RNA. Pairs with cytosine.

Question 18

hydrogen bond

Answer 18

A special type of dipole-dipole attraction between molecules.

Question 19

mRNA

Answer 19

A molecule that contains the instructions or recipe that directs the cells to make a protein using its natural machinery.

Question 20

mutation

Answer 20

A change in the DNA sequence of an organism.

Question 21

nucleic acid

Answer 21

Large bio-molecules that play essential roles in all cells and viruses.

Question 21

nitrogenous base

Answer 21

A molecule that contains nitrogen and has the chemical properties of a base.

Question 22

nuclear membrane

Answer 22

A double layer that encloses the cell’s nucleus, where the chromosomes reside.

Question 23

nucleotide

Answer 23

A molecule that is the basic building blocks of the nucleic acids DNA and RNA.

Question 24

nucleus

Answer 24

The structure in a cell that contains the chromosomes.

Question 25

peptide bond

Answer 25

A covalent bond that links amino acids together to form a protein.

Question 26

phosphate group

Answer 26

A functional group characterized by a phosphorous atom bonded to four oxygen atoms.

Question 27

polypeptides

Answer 27

Biomaterials composed of repeating amino acid units linked by a peptide bond.

Question 28

protein synthesis

Answer 28

The formation of a peptide bond between the carboxyl group at the end of a growing polypeptide chain and a free amino group of an incoming amino acid.

Question 29

ribose

Answer 29

A sugar that is naturally produced by the body from food.

Question 30

ribosome

Answer 30

An intercellular structure made of both RNA and protein, and it is the site of protein synthesis in the cell.

Question 31

RNA

Answer 31

A molecule that is made up of nucleotides.

Question 32

stop codon

Answer 32

A sequence of three nucleotides in DNA or mRNA that signals a halt to protein synthesis in the cell.

Question 33

rRNA

Answer 33

Molecule that is exported to the cytoplasm to help translate the information in messenger RNA into protein.

Question 33

start codon

Answer 33

A particular codon, normally AUG, which signals the position at which protein synthesis begins in an mRNA.

Question 34

transcription

Answer 34

The process of making an RNA copy of a gene's DNA sequence.

Question 34

thymine

Answer 34

One of the four nucleic bases in DNA, and it pairs with guanine.

Question 35

translation

Answer 35

The process of translating the sequence of messenger RNA molecules to a sequence of amino acids during protein synthesis. t

Question 36

tRNA

Answer 36

A small RNA molecule that plays a large role in protein synthesis.

Question 37

uracil

Answer 37

A nitrogenous base that is a component of RNA.

Question 38

vesicle

Answer 38

A small sac containing fluids within the body.