Unit 3: Metabolic Processes Flashcards
(84 cards)
Define: Catabolism
The process of breaking down complex molecules for the release of energy
Define: Anabolism
The process of synthesizing complex molecules for the storage of energy
Define: Metabolism
All chemical reactions that occur in a living system (make up of anabolism and catabolism)
What is the first law of thermodynamics?
Energy cannot be created or destroyed but it can be converted from one form to another
What is the second law of thermodynamics?
During any process, the universe tends towards disorderand entropy (the measure of disorder) is constantly increasing
Define: Exergonic
A spontaneous reaction where the system releases energy (catabolism)
Define: Endergonic
A non-spontaneous reaction that requires energy input and decreases entropy (anabolism)
If ΔG is negative, is the reaction endergonic or exergonic?
Exergonic
Is catabolism endergonic or exergonic?
Exergonic
Is anabolism endergonic or exergonic?
Endergonic
What is hydrolysis/digestion (endergonic or exergonic)?
Exergonic
What is condensation synthesis (endergonic or exergonic)?
Endergonic
The oxidation of glucose is… (endergonic or exergonic)?
Exergonic
The reduction of ADP to form ATP is… (endergonic or exergonic)?
Endergonic
Label the diagram of the mitchondria 1-5
- Intermembrane space
- Inner membrane
- Outer membrane
- Cristae
- Mitochondrial matrix
Define: Outer membrane (mitochondria)
Contains transport proteins that allow for the transport of pyruvate from the cytosol
Define: Inner membrane (mitochondria)
Contains the electron transport chain and ATP synthase (used for oxidative phosphorylation)
Define: Cristae (mitochondria)
The folds the inner membrane is arranged into that increases the surface area to volume ratio
Define: Intermembrane space (mitochondria)
A small space between membranes that maximizes hydrogen gradient upon protein accumulation
Define: Matrix (mitochondria)
The central cavity that contains the enzymes and pH for the Krebs cycle to occur
Where does glycolysis take place?
Cytoplasm of the cell
Define: Oxidation
When a substance loses electrons
Define: Reduction
When a substance gains electrons
Define: Redox
A reaction where the electrons lost by one substance are gained by another