Unit 3: Modules 12-15

Question 1

Intricate fabric of interconnected neural cells covering the cerebral hemispheres, the body’s ultimate control and information processing center

Answer 1

Cerebral Cortex

Question 2

Portion of the cerebral cortex lying just behind the forehead, involved in speaking and muscle movements and in making plans and judgements

Answer 2

Frontal Lobes

Question 3

Portion of the cerebral cortex lying at the top of the head and towards the rear, receives sensory input for tough and body position

Answer 3

Parietal Lobes

Question 4

Portion of the cerebral cortex lying at the back of the head includes areas that receive information from the visual fields

Answer 4

Occipital Lobes

Question 5

Portion of the cerebral cortex lying roughly above the ears, includes the auditory areas, each receiving information primarily from the opposite ear

Answer 5

Temporal Lobes

Question 6

Area at the rear of the frontal lobes that controls voluntary movement

Answer 6

Motor Cortex

Question 7

Area at the front of the parietal lobes that registers and processes body touch and movement sensations

Answer 7

Somatosensory Cortex

Question 8

Areas of the cerebral cortex that are not involved in primary motor or sensory functions, rather, they are involved in higher mental functions such as: learning, remembering, thinking, and speaking

Answer 8

Association Areas

Question 9

The brain’s ability to change, especially during childhood, by reorganizing after damage or by building new pathways based off of experience

Answer 9

Plasticity

Question 10

The formation of new neurons

Answer 10

Neurogenesis

Question 11

Large band of neural fibers connecting the two brain hemispheres and carrying messages between them

Answer 11

Corpus Callosum

Question 12

Condition resulting from surgery that isolates the brain’s two hemispheres by cutting the fibers (mainly those of the corpus callosum) connecting them

Answer 12

Split Brain

Question 13

Our subjective awareness of ourselves and our environment

Answer 13

Consciousness

Question 14

The interdisciplinary study of the brain activity linked with cognition (including perception, thinking, memory, and language)

Answer 14

Cognitive Neuroscience

Question 15

Principle that information is often simultaneously processed on separate conscious and unconscious tracks

Answer 15

Dual Processing

Question 16

Condition in which a person can respond to visual stimuli without consciously experiencing it

Answer 16

Blindsight

Question 17

Processing many aspects of a problem simultaneously, generally used to process well-learned information or to solve easy problems

Answer 17

Parallel Processing

Question 18

Processing one aspect of a problem at a time, generally used to process new information or to solve difficult problems

Answer 18

Sequential Processing

Question 19

Study of the relative power and limits of genetic and environmental influences on behavior

Answer 19

Behavior Genetics

Question 20

Genetic transfer of characteristics from parents to offspring

Answer 20

Heredity

Question 21

Every non-genetic influence, fro prenatal nutrition to the people and things around us

Answer 21

Environment

Question 22

Threadlike structures made of DNA molecules that contain genes

Answer 22

Chromosomes

Question 23

Complex molecule containing genetic information that makes of chromosomes

Answer 23

DNA

Question 24

Biochemical units of heredity that make up the chromosomes, segments of DNA capable of synthesizing proteins

Answer 24

Genes

Question 25

Complete instructions for making an organism, consisting of all genetic material in the organisms chromosomes

Answer 25

Genome

Question 26

Develop from a single fertilized egg that splits in two, creating two genetically identical organisms

Answer 26

Identical Twins (monozygotic)

Question 27

Develop from separate fertilized eggs, geneticallyy no closer than ordinary brothers and sisters but share a prenatal environment

Answer 27

Fraternal Twins (dizygotic)

Question 28

Proportion of variation among individuals in a group that we can attribute to genes. can vary depending on range of population and environment

Answer 28

Heritability

Question 29

Interplay that occurs when the effect of one facto such as environment, depends on another factor, such as heredity

Answer 29

Interaction

Question 30

Subfield of biology that studies molecular structure and function of genes

Answer 30

Molecular Genetics

Question 31

Study of how structure and function of genes interact with environment to influence behavior

Answer 31

Molecular Behavior Genetics

Question 32

"Above" or "in addition" to genetics, study of environmental influences of gene expression, that occur without a DNA change

Answer 32

Epigenetics

Question 33

Study of the evolution of behavior and the mind, using principles of natural selection

Answer 33

Evolutionary Psychology

Question 34

Principle that inherited traits that better enable an organism to survive, and reproduce in an environment will most likely to be passed on the succeeding generations

Answer 34

Natural Selection

Question 35

Random error in gene replication that leads to change

Answer 35

Mutation

Question 36

Culturally modeled guide for how to act in various situations

Answer 36

Social Script