Unit 3: Notes 1

Question 1

name all functions of bones

Answer 1

1. support soft tissue
2. provides points of attachment for muscle
3. protects internal organs
4. assists in movement
5. mineral homeostasis
6. produces RBC
7. triglyceride storage

Question 2

name types of bones

Answer 2

1. long bones
2. short bones
3. flat bones
4. irregular

Question 3

what are long bones?

Answer 3

• greater length than width

- usually curved for strength

Question 4

name some types of long bones

Answer 4

• femur
• tibia / fibula
• radius / ulna
• phalanges

Question 5

what are short bones?

Answer 5

• cube shaped

- nearly equal in length and width

Question 6

name some types of short bones

Answer 6

• carpals

- tarsals

Question 7

what are flat bones ?

Answer 7

• thin
• afford considerable protection
• provide extensive surfaces for muscle attachment

Question 8

name some types of flat bones

Answer 8

• cranial
• sternum
• scapula

Question 9

what are irregular bones ?

Answer 9

complex bones

Question 10

what are some types of irregular bones ?

Answer 10

• vertebrae

- facial bones

Question 11

what are sesamoid bones?

Answer 11

small bones found at joints embedded

Question 12

what are some types of sesamoid bones ?

Answer 12

• patella

- under big toe

Question 13

what is the structure of a long bone ?

Answer 13

• diaphysis
• epiphysis
• metaphysis

Question 14

what is the diaphysis?

Answer 14

shaft

Question 15

what is the metaphysis?

Answer 15

mature bone between diaphysis and epiphysis

Question 16

what does the metaphysis contain?

Answer 16

epiphyseal plate and epiphyseal line

Question 17

what is the epiphyseal plate?

Answer 17

where hyaline cartilage found-where bone growth happens

Question 18

what is the epiphyseal line?

Answer 18

appears when bone growth stops

Question 19

what is epiphysis ?

Answer 19

the distal and proximal ends of bone

Question 20

what is the structure of long bone?

Answer 20

• articular cartilage
• periosteum
• medullary cavity
• endosteum

Question 21

what is articular cartilage ?

Answer 21

• hyaline cartilage that covers part of the epiphysis where the bone forms a joint
• reduces friction and absorbs shock

Question 22

what is the periosteum?

Answer 22

• sheath of dense CT that surrounds the bone where there’s no cartilage
• contains bone forming cells so bone grows in thickness
• protects bone, nourishes bone, attachment point for ligaments and tendons

Question 23

what is the medullary cavity

Answer 23

-marrow cavity that contains fatty yellow bone marrow

Question 24

what is the endosteum ?

Answer 24

• thin membrane lining cavity

- contains bone forming cells

Question 25

describe the microscopic bone structure

Answer 25

bone has extra cellular matrix surround spread out cells

Question 26

name all of the bone cells

Answer 26

• osteogenic cells
• osteoblasts
• osteocytes
• osteoclasts

Question 27

what are osteogenic cells?

Answer 27

-only bone cells that undergo mitosis and divide

Question 28

what are osteoblasts?

Answer 28

bone building cells

Question 29

what are osteocytes?

Answer 29

mature bone cells

Question 30

what are osteoclasts?

Answer 30

responsible for bone resorption (breakdown)