Unit 3: Population Ecology Flashcards
(19 cards)
Population
Group of individuals of same species in a given area.
Clumped Dispersion
Individuals group in area that has resources
Uniform Dispersion
Individuals evenly spaced out, limited space (territorial)
Random Dispersion
No driving force to spacing, random, assumes evenly spaced resources
Type 1
K-Selection
High survivorship at young age, drastically declines when older
High parental care, low number of offspring
Type 2
Survivorship constant (50/50), linear
Moderate parental care, moderate number of offspring
Type 3
R-Selection
Low survivorship at young age, high at old age
No parental care, high number of offspring
Semelparity
Only reproduce once, but produce lots of offspring
Iteroparity
Reproduce multiple times throughout life, one at a time
Population Growth Model
r = birthrate - mortality rate
K =
Max carrying capacity a population can support
R-Selection
Maximize rate of growth (unstable)
K-Selection
Maximize Population size (stable)
Density-Independent Population Control
Control factor unaffected by population density (natural disasters)
Density-Dependent Population Control
Control factor affected by population density (intrinsic or extrinsic)
Intraspecific Competition (intrinsic population control)
Competition among same species for resources
Territoriality (intrinsic population control)
Competition for space
Intrinsic Population Control (DD)
Intraspecific Competition (same-species competition)
Territoriality (competition for space)
Accumulation of Waste
Extrinsic Population Control (DD)
Predators (hunt most common food)
Disease (easier to spread in large population)
