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Patho 2022 > UNIT 3 stuff > Flashcards

UNIT 3 stuff Flashcards

1
Q

TBW

A

total body water (% of body weight)

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2
Q

infants TBW

A

70% low body fat+ low bone mass

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3
Q

male TBW

A

60% More muscle

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4
Q

female TBW

A

50% higher fatty tissue

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5
Q

intracellular (ICF)

A

2/3 TBW

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6
Q

extracellular (ECF)

A

1/3

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7
Q

electrolytes

A

inorganic salts, ALL acids & bases, some proteins

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8
Q

non - electrolytes

A

glucose, lipids, creatine, urea

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9
Q

what bonds are electrolytes held together by ?

A

ionic bonds

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10
Q

are electrolytes capable of conduction electrical currents?

A

yes

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11
Q

major electrolyes

A

sodium, potassium, chloride, calcium, magnesium, bicarbonate, phosphate, sulfate.

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12
Q

do electrolytes or non electrolytes have greater osmotic power?

A

Electrolytes

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13
Q

average TBW intake

A

60% beverage
30% food
10% metabolism

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14
Q

average TBW output

A

60% urine
28% skin and lungs
8% sweat
4% poop

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15
Q

what type of bonds do non-electrolytes have?

A

covalent bonds

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16
Q

do non electrolytes conduct electricity

A

no

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17
Q

do non electrolytes cause fluid shifts?

A

yes

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18
Q

antidiurectic horomone (ADH)

A

promotes resorption of water into blood from kidney tubles–> controls the amount of fluid that leaves the body in the form of urine.

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19
Q

andosterone

A

determines reabsorption of sodium ions and water from the kidney tubles–> controls amount of fluid leaving body in urine (WHEN IN A FLUID DEFICIT. )

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20
Q

atrial natriuretic peptide

A

regulates fluid, sodium, potassium levels in order to reduce workload of the heart by decreasing the blood pressure.

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21
Q

filtration

A

movement of water from high pressure to low pressure.

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22
Q

osmosis

A

movement of water from high concentration to low concentration

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23
Q

how does water move between IVF and ISF

A

hydrostatic pressure and osmotic pressure.

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24
Q

hydrostatic pressure

A

pushes water and solutes out of IVF and into ISF

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25
osmotic pressure
Pushes water and solutes in ???
26
capillary filtration (hydrostatic pressure)
weight of water in the capillaries to force water OUT of capillaries INTO interstitial space
27
capillary colloidal osotic (oncotic) pressure
proteins within capillaries PULL water INTO capillaries OUT of interstitial space.
28
interstital hydrostatic fluid pressure
weight of water WITHIN interstitial space to PUSH water OUT of the interstital space INTO the capillaries
29
interstital colloidal osmotic pressure
proteins WITHIN intertital space to PULL water OUT of capillaries INTO interstital space.
30
In RAAS low blood pressure stimulates the kidney to do what
secrete the enzyme renin
31
renin (what body part? where does enzyme release?)
kindey released to blood
32
angiotensionogen (what body part? where does enzyme release?)
liver secretes to blood
33
does electrolyte balance involve salt balance?
yes
34
what are salts responsible for
regulation of fluid movement, cell excitability, membrane permeability, secretory activity.
35
where is sodium most abundent?
ECF
36
how do we intake sodium
intake through digestive epithelium.
37
how does sodium excrete
primarily through pee and sweat
38
renin angiotension 1 and 2 and aldosterone are part of what system
RAAS
39
progesterone blocks what?
aldosterone effects
40
ADH is made where?
hypothalamus and pituitary gland.
41
ANP is made where?
atrial cells in the heart
42
renin is produced where?
kindey
43
aldersterone is found where
adrenal glands (directly above kindey)
44
angiiotestion is made where?
liver
45
does sodium reabsorb or secrete?
resabsorb
46
does potassium reabsorb or secrete?
secrete.
47
what is the calcium balance regulated by?
parathyroid hormone (PTH) and calcitonin
48
regulation of calcium balance is most important in what?
blood clotting, membrane permeability, cellular secretion, muscle contractions.
49
high PH has an increase of what ions
OH- ions
50
Low PH has an increase of what ions
H+ ions
51
regulation of acids and bases in the body refers to the control of what ions
H+ ions
52
what is the normal blood PH levels
7.35-7.45
53
what is the main purpose of buffer systems
the main purpose of buffer systems is to prevent rapid change in the PH of body fluids (generally a weak acid + a weak base)
54
what does sodium do clinically
help nerve and muscle cell interactions
55
what does chloride do clinically
maintain osmotic pressure
56
what does calcium do clinically
stabalize cell membrane and reduce permability to sodium, transmits nerve impulses, contracts muscles, and coagulates blood.
57
what does potassium do clincally
play imp role in regulation of cell excitability, nerve impulses, resting membrane potential, muscle contraction etc.
58
what does phosphate do clinically
essential for energy metabolism; helps calcium w bones and teeth and maintains acid base balance.
59
what does magnesium do
acts as a catalyst for enzyme reaction, regulates nuermuscle contractions, promotes normal function of nervous and cardiovascular system. Also aids in protein synthesis and sodium potassium ion transport.
60
edema pathophysiology
excess fluid in intersitital spaces
61
isotonic dehydration (lose what)
lose fluid and electrolytes.
62
hypotonic dehydration (lose more of what; electrolytes or water
lose more electrolytes than water
63
hypertonic dehydration (lose more of what; electrolytes or water)
lose more water than electrolytes.
64
what is hyponatremia
imbalance of body water and electrolytes
65
what is hypernatremia
hypernatremia is when there is an increased sodium levels in blood and ecf
66
what is hypokalemia
when pottasium levels drop
67
what is hyperkalemia
when pottasium levels rise
68
what acrynom is associated with hyperkalemia
murder !
69
what is hyperchloremia
excess chloride in ECF
70
what is hypochloremia
not enough chloride in ECF
71
the major organ in the body that balances sodium and pottasium in the body
kidney
72
increasing blood hydrogen levels causes
acidosis
73
is the sodium pottasium pump a buffer system
no
74
does increased plasma proteins cause edema
no
75
which area in the body monitors and reacts to a change in the hydrostatic pressure of blood
brain - hypothalmus
76
what is the role of angiotension 2
prevent water loss from the kidneys

Patho 2022 (6 decks)

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