Unit 3: The Pursuit of National Intrest Flashcards
1
Q
Why was WWI referred to as the “war to end all wars”?
A
The scale of destruction was unprecedented, largely due to the industrial revolution, which allowed for the mass production of advanced weapons
2
Q
What technological innovations in weaponry were introduced during WWI?
A
Major innovations included machine guns, warships, tanks, airplanes, and chemical weapons
3
Q
What made the Battle of Ypres significant during WWI?
A
It was one of the first uses of chemical warfare, where Canadians bravely defended against German chlorine gas attacks, contributing to Canada’s national identity
4
Q
What is meant by a “war of attrition”?
A
It refers to a defensive war where both sides try to wear down the enemy over time, as seen in trench warfare during WWI
5
Q
What were the conditions like for soldiers in the trenches during WWI?
A
Conditions were horrific, with constant bombardments, trench foot, lice, and soldiers often getting stuck in barbed wire while going over the top into no-man’s land
6
Q
Which major battles defined Canada’s role in WWI?
A
Battles like Ypres, Somme, Vimy Ridge, and Passchendaele were crucial in shaping Canada’s identity during WWI
7
Q
What internal conflict did Canada face during WWI regarding conscription?
A
Canada faced a conscription crisis, particularly between the Quebecois and the rest of Canada, as the war dragged on
8
Q
A
8
Q
Why did Italy leave the Central Powers during WWI?
A
Italy left the Central Powers in pursuit of land and national interest, joining the Allied Powers
9
Q
What caused Russia to leave WWI in 1917?
A
Russia exited WWI due to internal revolution, as its national interest shifted towards establishing a new government
10
Q
What factors led to the US joining WWI despite its initial isolationist stance?
A
The US joined due to Germany’s unrestricted submarine warfare and the Zimmerman telegram, which encouraged Mexico to wage war against the US
11
Q
Which major empires collapsed as a result of WWI?
A
The Ottoman, Austro-Hungarian, Russian, and German empires all collapsed by the end of WWI
12
Q
When was the armistice that ended WWI signed?
A
The armistice was signed on November 11, 1918, at 11 am
13
Q
What was the purpose of the Paris Peace Treaty in 1919?
A
: The Paris Peace Treaty aimed to officially end WWI and set terms for peace, although the harsh conditions contributed to future conflicts
14
Q
What was the main purpose of Wilson’s 14 Points?
A
Wilson’s 14 Points aimed to create a lasting peace that would encourage international trade and protect the US’s reputation
15
Q
What were some key recommendations in Wilson’s 14 Points?
A
They included open treaties, disarmament, freedom of the seas, and boundaries based on ethnic self-determination
16
Q
What was the League of Nations, and why was it formed?
A
The League of Nations, part of Wilson’s 14 Points, was formed to mediate international conflicts and prevent future wars
17
Q
What were some early successes of the League of Nations?
A
The League successfully mediated small conflicts, fought against slavery, and addressed worker rights and disease
18
Q
What were the key failures of the League of Nations?
A
The League failed to prevent large-scale conflicts, such as Japan’s invasion of Manchuria and Italy’s invasion of Abyssinia, weakening its authority
19
Q
What was the main focus of the Treaty of Versailles?
A
The Treaty of Versailles focused on punishing the aggressor nations, particularly Germany, through reparations and territorial losses
20
Q
What was the “war guilt clause” in the Treaty of Versailles?
A
The war guilt clause forced Germany to accept full responsibility for WWI and pay reparations
21
Q
How did the Treaty of Versailles violate the principle of ethnic self-determination?
A
The creation of nations like Czechoslovakia ignored ethnic boundaries, leading to future tensions
22
Q
What were the major territorial changes in Europe after WWI?
A
Alsace-Lorraine was returned to France, Poland was re-established with the Polish Corridor, and Czechoslovakia was created from German lands
23
Q
How did the redrawing of European borders contribute to future conflicts?
A
The creation of new nations and divisions, such as the Sudetenland in Czechoslovakia, violated self-determination, leading to unrest and the eventual outbreak of WWII
24
What changes occurred in the Middle East after the collapse of the Ottoman Empire?
European powers, especially Britain and France, established control over regions like Iraq and Syria, creating protectorates (a state controlled by another) and resentment
25
How did the Treaty of Versailles affect the Kurds?
Although the Kurds were promised their own nation-state, this was not fulfilled, leaving them scattered across countries like Iraq, Turkey, and Syria
26
How did Canada's economy change in the 1920s after WWI?
Canada’s economy initially grew by supplying food to Europe, but this was short-lived, and by the 1930s, depleted soil and drought worsened conditions, leading to the "Dirty Thirties"
27
What did the Statute of Westminster achieve for Canada?
Was a statute ratified by British Parliment which game dominons full legal autonomy It increased Canada's sovereignty by granting control over foreign and domestic affairs, though the constitution remained British
28
How did the Great Depression trigger a global economic crisis?
The stock market crash led to inflated prices and debt. As wise investors sold off stocks, prices fell, businesses failed, and the global economy collapsed
29
What was the political impact of the Great Depression in Canada?
The economic hardships increased support for both communist and fascist ideas in Canada, exemplified by the Winnipeg Riots
30
What key characteristics define fascism?
Fascism is a totalitarian dictatorship that promotes elite power, often through nationalism and racism, supported by propaganda and cults of personality
31
How do fascist leaders use scapegoating?
Fascist leaders blame minority groups for national problems, using them as scapegoats to rally the populace and justify extreme policies
32
Why did Japan invade China in 1931?
The Great Depression caused Japan to seek new resources and markets, leading to the invasion of Manchuria. The League of Nations did little to stop this
33
How did the Japanese government use propaganda in the 1930s?
Japan used propaganda to build a cult of personality around leaders like Emperor Hirohito and General Tojo, turning the populace against Western powers
34
What triggered Germany’s economic collapse after WWI?
Hyperinflation caused by printing money to support workers during the French occupation of the Ruhr weakened Germany's economy, leading to the rise of the Nazi Party
35
How did Hitler transition from minority leader to dictator in Germany?
After being appointed Chancellor, Hitler used the Reichstag Fire (was an arson attack on the Reichstag building, home of the German parliament in Berlin) as a pretext to eliminate opposition, passing the Enabling Act, which turned Germany into a dictatorship
36
How did Nazi propaganda help promote Hitler’s national interests?
Joseph Goebbels, Hitler’s propaganda minister, used parades, movies, posters, and even schoolbooks to promote Nazi ideology and national unity
37
What laws did the Nazis pass to discriminate against minorities?
The Nuremberg Laws legalized discrimination against Jews, stripping them of their rights and reinforcing Nazi racial ideology
38
How did Nazi Germany use the Spanish Civil War to prepare for WWII?
Nazi forces practiced Blitzkrieg tactics during the Spanish Civil War, testing their strategies for future invasions in Europe
39
What was the Nazi-Soviet Pact, and why was it significant?
The Nazi-Soviet Pact was a non-aggression agreement that secretly divided Poland between Germany and the USSR, clearing the way for Germany to invade Poland
40
Why did the international community fail to stop Hitler’s early violations of the Treaty of Versailles?
Many nations, focused on domestic issues, chose not to enforce the harsh terms of the Treaty, allowing Hitler to reoccupy the Rhineland, remilitarize, and pursue Anschluss
41
What role did the League of Nations play in the rise of fascism?
The League’s policy of collective security failed to prevent fascist aggression in Japan, Italy, and Germany, contributing to the rise of WWII
42
What was the Munich Pact, and why is it significant?
The Munich Pact allowed Hitler to annex the Sudetenland, under the idea of self-determination, as British Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain sought "peace in our time"
43
How did Winston Churchill view appeasement?
Churchill believed appeasement was dangerous, comparing it to "feeding a crocodile," as he foresaw that Hitler would continue expanding
44
How is appeasement viewed today regarding WWII?
Appeasement is seen as a failure, as it allowed Hitler to strengthen his military and territorial power, with countries like Czechoslovakia sacrificed for peace
45
Which nations were sacrificed in the name of peace during the 1930s?
In addition to Czechoslovakia, nations like Manchuria (to Japan) and Abyssinia (to Italy) were victims of appeasement policies
46
Who were the Axis and Allied powers during World War II?
The Axis powers included Germany, Italy, and Japan, all fascist regimes. The Allies consisted of Britain, France, Russia, and other nations
47
What was the fascist ideology behind the Axis powers?
Fascism supports a dictatorial regime, promotes extreme right-wing values like competition, and fosters ethnic superiority
48
How did Japan initially gain support during its expansion in Asia?
Japan pushed out European colonial powers, which was initially accepted by local populations. However, repressive rule quickly made Japan another oppressor
49
What atrocities did Japan commit during its expansion?
One of the most infamous atrocities was the Rape of Nanking in 1937, where Japanese forces committed widespread violence and brutality
50
What was the Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere?
It was promoted as a trade agreement but ended up benefiting Japan at the expense of the other members
51
What was Japan's motivation for attacking Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941?
Japan wanted to disable the US Pacific Fleet to ensure its ability to control territories in Asia without interference
52
How did the attack on Pearl Harbor impact the United States' involvement in WWII?
The US declared war on Japan the day after the attack, leading to Germany declaring war on the US due to the Axis alliance
53
What event sparked World War II in Europe?
The Nazi-Soviet Pact allowed Germany to invade Poland on September 1, 1939. Two days later, Britain declared war, followed by other nations
54
What military tactic did Germany use to invade Poland?
Germany used Blitzkrieg, a fast and overwhelming military strategy that overpowered the Polish army
55
What was the "Phony War"?
The Phony War was a period of diplomatic discussions and little fighting from late 1939 until April 1940, when Germany invaded Denmark and Norway
56
Which countries did Germany swiftly conquer after the Phony War?
Germany quickly took control of Denmark, Norway, Holland, Belgium, and France, setting up the puppet Vichy Government in France
57
What was the significance of the Battle of Britain in 1940?
It was an air battle where Germany attempted to destroy the British Air Force. Despite heavy bombings, Britain’s morale strengthened, leading to a British victory
Turning Point
58
What were some of the significant advancements in weapons during WWII?
Advancements included improved tanks, machine guns, unrestricted submarine warfare, incendiary bombs, rockets, and eventually nuclear weapons
59
What were some major turning points during WWII?
Major turning points included the Battle of Stalingrad (Eastern Front), D-Day (Western Front), the Battle of El Alamein (Africa), and the Battle of Midway (Pacific)
60
What was Operation Barbarossa?
Operation Barbarossa was Germany's invasion of the Soviet Union in 1941, aiming to control Soviet resources, but the operation failed due to the harsh Russian winter
61
What was the significance of the D-Day invasion on June 6, 1944?
D-Day marked the largest sea-to-land invasion in history. Canadian forces suffered heavy losses at Juno Beach, while the US lost nearly 2,000 troops at Utah and Omaha beaches
62
When was Victory in Europe (V-E Day) achieved?
Victory in Europe was declared on May 8, 1945, after Germany’s surrender
63
When did Japan surrender, officially ending World War II?
Japan surrendered on September 2, 1945, following the US’s use of nuclear weapons
64
How did World War II impact Canada’s homefront?
Canada’s economy improved as the country produced war materials and built a powerful navy. Women worked in factories, and rationing was enforced through the War Measures Act
65
What role did Canada play in the Battle of the Atlantic?
Canadian ships escorted supply ships across the Atlantic, protecting them from German submarines, which used unrestricted submarine warfare to target supply lines
66
How did European imperialism contribute to tensions leading up to World War I?
European powers competed for colonies in Africa and Asia to expand their empires, creating rivalries. Nations like Britain, France, and Germany vied for global dominance, which fostered distrust and conflict among European powers
67
How did nationalism fuel tensions in Europe before World War I?
Nationalist movements in Europe, particularly in the Balkans, led to desires for independence and territorial disputes. Ethnic groups, such as the Serbs, sought to form their own nation-states, often clashing with empires like Austria-Hungary, which led to conflicts
68
What role did the alliance system play in escalating a regional conflict into World War I?
Europe was divided into two main alliances: the Triple Entente (France, Russia, Britain) and the Triple Alliance (Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy). The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand in 1914 triggered a chain reaction due to these alliances, pulling all major powers into war
69
How did militarism contribute to the outbreak of World War I?
European nations had been building up their military forces, driven by an arms race. Countries like Germany and Britain invested heavily in battleships and advanced weapons, which increased tensions and made war more likely once a conflict began
70
How did the Treaty of Versailles contribute to unrest in Germany during the Interwar Years?
The Treaty of Versailles imposed harsh reparations and territorial losses on Germany. The war guilt clause forced Germany to accept blame for the war, causing economic collapse and widespread resentment, which fueled nationalist and extremist movements like the rise of the Nazi Party
71
Why was the League of Nations unable to prevent conflicts during the Interwar Years?
The League of Nations, created to maintain peace, lacked enforcement power. Key countries like the US never joined, and the League failed to stop aggressive actions by Italy, Germany, and Japan, which ignored its resolutions. The League's inability to prevent wars in Manchuria and Abyssinia showcased its weaknesses
72
How did hyperinflation destabilize Germany in the 1920s?
In the early 1920s, Germany printed massive amounts of money to pay reparations, leading to hyperinflation. Prices skyrocketed, savings became worthless, and the economy collapsed. This crisis weakened the Weimar Republic and made extremist groups like the Nazis more attractive to the populac
73
How did the Great Depression contribute to the rise of totalitarian regimes?
The Great Depression caused widespread economic hardship across the globe. In countries like Germany, Italy, and Japan, economic desperation made fascism and other extremist ideologies appealing. Dictators like Hitler, Mussolini, and Japan’s militarist leaders promised recovery and national glory
74
What was the policy of appeasement, and how did it lead to WWII?
The policy of appeasement involved giving in to some of Hitler’s territorial demands, such as the annexation of the Sudetenland in Czechoslovakia, in hopes of avoiding war. The Munich Agreement in 1938 was a key example, where Britain and France allowed Hitler’s expansion, mistakenly believing it would secure peace
75
What was the significance of the Nazi-Soviet Pact in the lead-up to WWII?
The Nazi-Soviet Pact, signed in 1939, was a non-aggression agreement between Hitler’s Germany and Stalin’s Soviet Union. It secretly divided Eastern Europe into spheres of influence and allowed Hitler to invade Poland without fear of Soviet intervention, triggering the start of WWII
76
What is Blitzkrieg, and how did it contribute to the rapid fall of Poland in 1939?
Blitzkrieg, or "lightning war," was a military strategy employed by Nazi Germany that relied on fast, coordinated attacks using infantry, tanks, and air support. The overwhelming force and speed of the German invasion quickly overpowered Poland’s defenses, leading to its rapid fall
77
How did Germany conquer France, and what was the Vichy government?
Germany’s rapid invasion of France in 1940, using Blitzkrieg tactics, overwhelmed French defenses. After the fall of Paris, Germany set up the Vichy Government, a puppet regime in southern France that collaborated with the Nazis
78
What was the significance of the Battle of Britain during WWII?
The Battle of Britain was a pivotal air campaign in 1940, where the Royal Air Force (RAF) successfully defended Britain against large-scale German bombing raids. The battle marked the first defeat of Hitler’s military forces and prevented a German invasion of Britain
79
How did the emergence of Nation-States lead to conflict?
These formal unions often led to conflict as states fought over valuable land and resources.
80
How did Imperalism lead to WW1?
With the rise of industrialism, European countries wanted new lands to supply raw materials and to act as markets for finished goods.
Germany, who had entered the imperialism “game” late, only had small areas in Africa.
This led to increased rivalry as a successful war could bring enormous wealth.
81
How did alliances lead to WW1?
A number of alliances had been signed by countries between the years 1879 and 1914. That meant that some countries had no option but to declare war if one of their allies declared war first.
With many European countries “taking sides”, any squabble or minor conflict would bring them all into a general war.
Canada, Australia, India and many other countries fought because of their historical links with Great Britain.
82
What battleship was introduced by Britian during the Britian-German arms race?
The dreadnought
83
What was the nationalism that caused WW1 a direct result of?
The Congress of Vienna aimed to sort out problems in Europe. Delegates from Britain, Austria, Prussia and Russia (the winning allies) decided upon a new Europe that left both Germany and Italy as divided states.
84
Why is WW1 sometimes regarded as unnecessary?
It has been said that WW I did not have to happen!
Political and military leaders, looking after their own interests (nationalism), set into motion a series of policies that they would not back down from.
85
What were the 7 outcomes of the Treaty of Versailles?
Germany had to greatly reduce her army, navy and was not allowed an air force.
Alsace-Lorraine was to be returned to France.
Germany lost all of colonies in Africa, China, and the pacific.
The Rhineland was to demilitarized.
Germany had to recognize the new countries of Poland and Czechoslovakia. Created in part by acquisitions of German lands.
Germany had to sign Article 231, the war guilt clause stating the war was Germany’s fault.
Germany had to pay $33 Billion for death and damages incurred by the victors.
86
What were the political results of WW1?
A discontentment with gov't - A feeling of disillusionment spread across the world as people bitterly decided that their governments in no way knew how to serve the best interests of the people.
Foregin Policy Changed - Before WWI, war was seen as a noble pursuit for young men to demonstrate bravery and loyalty, but after the war, it was no longer viewed as an acceptable tool of foreign policy.
87
What were the effets on the Central powers after losing WW1?
The Central Powers of Austria-Hungary, Germany and the Ottoman Empire lose.
Germany is reduced in size. Austria-Hungary and the Ottoman Empire are dissolved entirely.
Russia pulls out in 1917 due to the Russian Revolution. It later becomes the Soviet Union.
The Treaty of Versailles was signed
New countries were created: Austria, Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia, Poland, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia
88
What were the major social results of WW1?
Women entered workforce (due to men fighting), gained right to vote
"Live for the moment" attitude embraced
89
What was the economic result of WW1?
Europes infrasturctues was in shambles and had to be rebuilt
War cost hundreds of billions
90
What were the technological results of WW1?
War brought new *love* for tech
- Cars and planes viewed as necessary
New weapons such as tanks and submarines and improved power were emphasized
Industrial output had new emphasis
91
What was the largest effetct of WW1?
Treaty of Versailles - lead to rise of hitler and WW2
92
What was the Paris Peace Conference (1919)
Held at various locations in and around Paris from 1919 until January 20, 1920. Leaders from 32 states, representing 75% of the world's population, attended, but negotiations were dominated by the five major powers that defeated the Central Powers: the U.S., Britain, France, Italy, and Japan. Key figures included Georges Clemenceau (France), David Lloyd George (Britain), Vittorio Orlando (Italy), and Woodrow Wilson (U.S.).
93
What were the big fours stances during the paris peace conference?
France:
-Diven by nationalism and revenge,
- ught to c**ripple Germany to prevent future conflicts, **
- Their concern was **heightened by sharing a direct border with Germany**.
Britain:
-Naitionalism fueled Britians desire for Germany to pay for war damages
Bitain also aimed to protect its colonial and naval dominance by limiting Germany’s naval power
less concerned about direct threats due to the "buffer" of the English Channel.
Italy: Italian nationalism played a role in their desire to **secure promised territory after switching sides during the war**. They wanted to ensure that the land agreements made with the Allies were honored.
United States: President Wilson’s vision, while less influenced by nationalism, was focused on **long-term peace, believing that a strong Germany would benefit the American economy.** The U.S. was not concerned about a direct German threat.
94
Summarize the wants of the Allied powers after WW1..
Revenge
Protection from future invasion
To be compensated for cost of war
Access to colonies
Master of the seas
95
What was Germany required to sign following the treaty of versailles?
Germany had to sign Article 231, the war guilt clause stating the war was Germany’s fault.
96
What were the reasons that the treaty of versailles failed?
None of the “Big Four” were completely satisfied.
Germany was humiliated by the War Guilt Clause
German economy was destroyed
the financial reparations were forgiven in 1932.
Political strife in Germany = Hitler popularity to rise.
Germany built up military, another war was inevitable.
97
What was the Schlieffen plan?
The Schlieffen Plan was Germany's WWI strategy to quickly defeat France by invading through Belgium, then turn to fight Russia, aiming to avoid a two-front war.
98
What was the initiating point of WW1?
German soldiers invaded Belgium on their way to France as part of the Schlieffen Plan.
99
Why did the Schlieffen Plan fail?
- Russia was expected to take six weeks to mobilize but did so in just ten days.
- Germany believed Belgium would not resist and Britain would stay neutral.
- On August 2, 1914, the Belgian army, supported by the British Expeditionary Force (BEF), delayed the German invasion.
- Germany estimated France could be defeated in six weeks, but the French, backed by the Belgians and British, stopped the German advance.
100
How was propganda used in WW1?
To dehumanize the enemy and recrute new soilders
101
Why was Canada pulled into WW1?
Canada’s allegiance (loyalty) in WW1 was to the British Empire.
Canada thus promised troop reinforcements and implemented conscription (Canadians were against this violation of civil liberties). Few Canadian Francophone volunteered.
102
Where was vimy ridge, why was it important?
Vimy Ridge was a strategically important area in northern France that had been under German control since 1914.
103
How many times had the French tried and faile to retake Vimy Ridge?
The French had tried three times to regain Vimy Ridge, losing 150,000 men in the attempts.
104
Who led the assult on Vimy Ridge, how were the troops prepared?
The assault was led by British General Julian Byng, who developed detailed strategies and trained Canadian troops thoroughly, rehearsing movements.
105
How did Canadian Troops prepare for the Vimy Ridge assult on April 9, 1917
Canadian troops bombarded German positions while army engineers (sappers) built tunnels to secretly move troops into forward positions.
106
What were the outcomes of the Canadian assault on Vimy Ridge?
By April 12, 1917, the Canadians had captured the ridge, taking more ground, prisoners, and artillery than any previous British offensive, despite losing over 3500 men and having 7000 wounded.
107
What significance did the victory at Vimy Ridge have for Canada?
It was the first major Allied victory of WWI, and Canadian soldiers emerged with a sense of pride, identity, and respect from other nations.
108
What was Passchendaele?
- Began in July 1917 when Currie and the CEF were called to retake Passchendaele Ridge in Belgium.
- Allies won the battle, but lost over 16,000 Canadians in the process.
500,000 died between all involved.
Canadians only gained 7 or 8 km, and lost it back soon.
109
When/Why did the USA enter WW1?
U.S. enters the war (1917)
Germany sank a passenger liner the Lusitania, which angered the American public.
Germany sends a telegram to Mexico promising them lost territories if they go to war with the U.S.
The U.S. govt. is infuriated, and enters the war in 1917. The addition of fresh soldiers, weapons, and supplies, seals Germany’s fate.
110
What caused the end of WW1?
October 1917- Russia leaves the Allies due to Russian Revolution
(Sign Treaty of Brest-Litovsk: marked Russia’s exit from the war)
Germany sends all its soldiers to the Western front for one major battle. They can still not break through the Allies trenches
By late 1917 American troops begin to arrive, the Allies break through German lines
By November of 1918 Germany asks for an armistice (basically a truce)
111
What was the intial spark of WW2?
1939, Germany invaded Poland and starts Blitzrieg
112
What is the largest difference between WW1 and WW2?
WW2 has increased size and causlties
113
How did Germany achieve such great territorial gains?
Due to development f Blitzkreig warfare (lightning warefare)
114
What happend to france in WW2?
Due to new tactics such as blitzkrieg, The Germans conquered France in 6 weeks
Now Germany had complete control of mainland western Europe
Opposite from WW1 when Germany never conqured France
115
Who was left to fight the Nazis after France fell?
After France fell, only the British remained to fight the Nazis.
116
What geographical feature protected Britain from a Nazi invasion?
The English Channel protected Britain from a Nazi invasion.
117
How did the British navy contribute to the defense of Britain?
The British navy, vastly superior, protected the English Channel from German attacks.
118
What strategy did the Germans use against Britain after France fell?
The Germans began terror bombing London.
119
How did the Royal Air Force (RAF) respond to the German Luftwaffe?
The RAF eventually defeated the Luftwaffe during the Battle of Britain.
120
What is the Laftwaffe?
the aerial warfare branch of the German military during World War II
Luftwaffe was known for its strategic bombing, ground support, and air superiority missions
121
What motivated Hitler's invasion of the Soviet Union?
Hitler hated communism and aimed to wipe it out, as well as create "lebensraum" (living space) for Germans.
122
What was the significance of the Eastern Front in WWII?
Largest conflict in WW2
123
What significant operation did the Allies launch on June 6, 1944?
On June 6, 1944, the Allies launched D-Day, the largest seaborne invasion in history.
124
What was the outcome of D-Day for the Allies?
D-Day was successful, leading to the opening of a second front against the Axis powers.
125
What was pearl harbor?
Japanese saw Pearl Harbor (Hawaii) as the pinnacle of America’s military supremacy in the Pacific.
Thought an attack here might force America to pull out of the region, leaving it to the Japanese.
126
What was the result of peral harbor?
President Franklin Roosevelt declared war on Japan the next day (Dec. 8, 1941), Declared war on Germany and Italy (Dec. 11, 1941)
127
How did Canada become involved in WW2
After World War I, Canada became more independent. No longer tied themselves to Britain in terms of foreign policy.
However, on September 10, 1939, Canada declared war on Germany.
128
What term was used to describe immigrants suspected of being spies during wartime?
Enemy Aliens
129
What does "enemy alien" mean?
An enemy alien is someone from (or ethnically connected to) a country that is at war with the country in which they reside.
130
What happened to the Japanese population in Canada after Pearl Harbor?
Approximately 22,000 Japanese Canadians were put in internment camps after Pearl Harbor due to national security concerns.
131
How were the conditions in internment camps for Japanese Canadians?
Conditions included living in stables, separation from family, seizure of belongings, lack of rights, and restricted mobility (fenced in).
132
How were interment camps justified?
As a mean of national security
133
What significant event occurred on April 30, 1945, involving Hitler and other high-ranking Nazis?
Hitler and other high-ranking Nazis committed suicide in their Berlin bunker on April 30, 1945.
134
When did Germany officially surrender, marking the end of the war in Europe?
Germany surrendered on May 8, 1945, known as Victory Day in Europe (V-Day).
135
What major action did the United States take on August 6, 1945?
The United States dropped a nuclear bomb on Hiroshima, killing over 80,000 people instantly.
136
What happened in Nagasaki shortly after Hiroshima, and what was its impact?
On August 9, 1945, the U.S. dropped a nuclear bomb on Nagasaki, killing around 70,000 people, leading to Japan's surrender six days later.
137
Why are Soviet Unioun deaths so much higher?
Poor Leadership - Stalin killed many leaders during the Great Purge, so military leaders didn't have experience compared to Germans
War of Extermination - The Nazis thought of Slavs (eastern Europeans) as subhuman and it was an extremely bloody war.
