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Forensics 101 > unit 3: types of prints (impressions as evidence) > Flashcards

unit 3: types of prints (impressions as evidence) Flashcards

1
Q

When do fingerprints form?

A

During the 10th week of gestation

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2
Q

Where does development of the prints happened?

A

In the basal layer of the skin where the new skin cells are produced

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3
Q

True or false is the fingerprint pattern permanent?

A

Yes the outer layer of the epidermis protects it

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4
Q

What are the three major ridge patterns?

A

Loops, arches, whorls

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5
Q

what percentage of the populations have loops arches and whorls?

A

65 of the population has loops, 30% has whorls, 5% have arches

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6
Q

What is a delta?

A

Ridges that run in different directions up and below it

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7
Q

What are the two types of arches?

A

plain arches and tented arches

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8
Q

What is the difference between a plain arch and a tented arch?

A

tented arches have a delta

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9
Q

What are the four different types of whorls?

A

plain whorl, Central pocket loop whorl, double loop whorl, accidental whorl

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10
Q

What’s the difference between a plain whorl and a central pocket loop whorl?

A

plain whorls look more circular a while central pocket loop whorls look more oval

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11
Q

What are the two loops?

A

Ulnar loop and radial loop

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12
Q

What is the difference between a radial loop an ulnar loop?

A

radial loop opens towards the thumb and ulnar loop opens towards the pinky

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13
Q

What is a minutiae?

A

Combination of small details in the shapes and positions of the ridges

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14
Q

Name the different types of minutiae:

A

Ridge ending, fork or bifurcation, island Ridge, dot, bridge, spur, eye, double bifurcation, Delta, trifurcation

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15
Q

How many individual ridge characteristics are on the average fingerprint?

A

150

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16
Q

Name the three types of impressions:

A

Patent prints, plastic prints, latent prints

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17
Q

1792 to 1750 BC

A

Archaeologists discovered fingerprints pressed into clay tablet contracts

18
Q

300 BC

A

inked fingerprints on all official documents, such as contracts and loans

19
Q

1684

A

Earliest record of the study of the patterns on human hands

20
Q

1788

A

The arrangement of skin ridges is never duplicated in two persons

21
Q

1823

A

Nine distinct fingerprint patterns including loops spirals circles and double whorls

22
Q

1856

A

Fingerprints are unique to individuals and are not altered by age

23
Q

1879

A

alphonse Bartillon created a way to identify criminals using physical measurements taken from prisoners

24
Q

1888

A

Classification system for fingerprints

25
Q

1896

A

Fingerprint records divided by arch, whorl, or loop patterns — each fingerprint card in the system was imprinted with all 10 fingerprints of a person and worked with individual characteristics

26
Q

2012

A

Fingerprints are digitally taken in the FBI maintains IAFIS

27
Q

What is a fingerprint?

A

An impression left on any surface that consists of patterns made by ridges on a finger

28
Q

What are the fingerprints made up of?

A

They are made up of water, oils, and salt

29
Q

How to collect latent fingerprints?

A

They can be lifted by being dusted using carbon-based powders, metal or magnetic powders, or a variety of chemicals

30
Q

What is used to lift and preserve the fingerprint?

A

Tape

31
Q

What is the ratio of false identification made by fingerprint examiners?

A

1 to 5

32
Q

How do criminals avoid identification?

A

many use acid, burn themselves, cut themselves, use sandpaper, burn it off, or use lasers

33
Q

True or false mutilation cause the fingerprints to disappear?

A

false

34
Q

How to lift shoe and foot impressions?

A

Latent impressions can be made visible by using luminal dusting or using electrostatic dust. Plastic impressions can be lifted using plaster to make a cast

35
Q

Databases contain the names of _______ and _______ used to identify different types of shoes.

A

Specific manufactures; tread patterns

36
Q

examining feet tracks can reveal:

A

If a person was running or walking, if someone is injured, or the likelihood that someone is older or disabled

37
Q

True or false larger shoe size means taller height

A

true

38
Q

Every make and model of a vehicle has its own ______ and _____.

A

Track width; wheelbase measurements

39
Q

What are skid marks?

A

Sudden braking; the distance the brakes are applied; the velocity

40
Q

What are yaw marks?

A

Donuts, curves, melting tires, striped shape

41
Q

What are tire scrubs?

A

Damaged or overloaded tires from impact, curved and irregular, determine area of impact

42
Q

How to collect dental impressions:

A

Bite marks should be photographed ASAP, photographs should include a ruler to establish a reference for size, if possible swab the bite mark to obtain DNA evidence

Forensics 101 (7 decks)

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