Unit 3 Vocab

Question 1

 Founded in 1867 to serve as a
social club for farmers to help
them overcome rural isolation and
to spread information about the
new farming techniques
 Grew into farmers encouraging
economic and political reforms,
such as establishing machinery and
storage cooperatives, and
campaigned for increased
government regulation of the
railroads

Answer 1

The Grange (Farmers’ Alliance)

Question 2

 Required railroads to charge fair
rates to their customers and make
those rates public

Answer 2

Interstate Commerce Act/Commission (ICC) of 1887

Question 3

 Tried to secure political
and economic reforms benefitting
farmers, industrial workers,
miners, or the “common man”, to
battle banking and railroad
interests
 Wanted government to take
a larger role in ending oppression,
injustice, and poverty
 Coinage of silver to increase
money supply

Answer 3

Populist Party

Question 4

A leading American politician from
the 1890s until his death
 He was a dominant force in the
Populist wing of the Democratic
Party, standing three times as its
candidate for President of the
United States (1896, 1900 and
1908)

Answer 4

William Jennings Bryan

Question 5

Speech by the presidential
candidate William Jennings
Bryan in 1896
 Demanded to end the gold
standard to increase the money
supply
 Wanted to include silver in
currency
 Praised farmers and denounced (or
spoke against) bankers for
“crucifying mankind on a cross of
gold”

Answer 5

Cross of Gold Speech

Question 6

The movement that responded to
the pressures of industrialization
and urbanization by promoting
reforms
 Era where certain people/groups
tried to fix the problems created
by the corruption and growth of
the Gilded Age

Answer 6

Progressivism

Question 7

 U.S. leader of the Progressive
Movement
 Governor of Wisconsin (1901–06)
and U.S. Senator (1906–25) noted
for his support of reform
legislation such as the initiative,
referendum, and the recall
 Supported the 17th amendment

Answer 7

Robert M. Lafollette

Question 8

 Process by which citizens put a
proposed new law directly on the
ballot to be voted on
 Promotes direct democracy
(citizens becoming more involved
in their government)

Answer 8

Initiative

Question 9

 Process that allows citizens to
approve or reject a law recently
passed by the legislature
 Promotes direct democracy
(citizens becoming more involved
in their government)

Answer 9

Referendum

Question 10

 Voters have the power to vote an
unsatisfactory elected official out
of office before his or her term
ends
 Promotes direct democracy
(citizens becoming more involved
in their government)

Answer 10

Recall

Question 11

 Reduced political appointments
based on politicians “helping out”
their supporters who contributed
to their campaigns
 Required government job
candidates to pass a civil service
examination to prove their
qualification

Answer 11

Pendleton Act of 1883

Question 12

 Established settlement houses
which helped poor
residents/immigrants in urban
communities
 Known for Hull House, the most
famous of the settlement houses

Answer 12

Jane Addams

Question 13

 Institution located in a poor
neighborhood that provided
community services to the poor
and incoming immigrants (for free)
 Programs such as English classes,
daycare for working parents, and
work study

Answer 13

Settlement House

Question 14

Reporters and journalists who
reported on corrupt politicians and
other problems in society
 They uncover and expose
misconduct in politics and business

Answer 14

Muckraker

Question 15

 Muckraker who published articles
in McClure’s Magazine—Articles
became part of his work Shame of
the Cities
 His reports exposed how corrupt
politicians won elections by
bribing and threatening voters,
and revealed how political
corruption affected all aspects of
life in a city

Answer 15

Lincoln Steffens

Question 16

 She was a muckraker and
publisher of McClure’s Magazine
 She criticized Standard Oil
Company in her book A History of
the Standard Oil Company for its
monopolistic practices of
destroying its competition

Answer 16

Ida Tarbell

Question 17

 Socialist muckraker
 Shocked the nation when he
published The Jungle about the
despair of the immigrants working
in Chicago’s stockyards and the
unsanitary conditions there
 Famously said of his book, “I
aimed at the public’s heart, and by
accident I hit it in the stomach.”

Answer 17

Upton Sinclair

Question 18

 Photographer and Muckraker
 Wrote HOW THE OTHER HALF
LIVES which showed the world
how the lower classes lived
(showed the suffering of the poor)
mainly through evocative
photographs
 His most of pictures were taken of
tenements in NYC

Answer 18

Jacob Riis

Question 19

 A fire in New York’s Triangle
Shirtwaist Company in 1911 killed
146 people, mostly women
 They died because the doors were
locked and the windows were too
high for them to get to the ground
 Showed the world the poor
working conditions of sweatshops
and let to federal regulations to
protect workers

Answer 19

Triangle Shirtwaist Fire

Question 20

 An African American teacher and
journalist who helped form the
NAACP and the NACW (National
Association of Colored Women)
 Well-known for leading an anti-
lynching campaign through writing
for newspapers and speaking tours
in the North

Answer 20

Ida B. Wells

Question 21

 Born a slave
 Founded Tuskegee Institute, a
school for African Americans
 Believed education and job
training was the path to black self-
reliance and success in America
 Change and integration should
come slowly or gradually

Answer 21

Booker T. Washington

Question 22

 Scholar and political activist who
helped found the NAACP (National Association for the Advancement of Colored People)
 Promoted social change, and
wanted immediate social change
and rights
 Disagreed with black leaders who
urged integration into white
society

Answer 22

W. E. B. Du Bois

Question 23

 Someone in the government who
breaks up a trust into smaller
companies

Answer 23

Trustbuster

Question 24

 26th president
 Known for: conservationism, trust-
busting, Hepburn Act, safe food
regulations, and his “Square Deal”
 Was a trustbuster—however he
believed in ‘good’ and ‘bad’ trusts

Answer 24

Theodore Roosevelt

Question 25

 Theodore Roosevelt's promise of fair and equal treatment for all  Domestic policy program formed upon three basic ideas: conservation of natural resources, control of corporations, and consumer protection

Answer 25

Square Deal

Question 26

 Roosevelt urged Congress to pass this act which required meat that was to be sold across state lines to be inspected by federal agents  Also allowed inspection of meat processing plants

Answer 26

Meat Inspection Act

Question 27

 The act that prohibited the manufacture, sale, or shipment of impure or falsely labeled food and drugs  Created the Food and Drug Administration (FDA)

Answer 27

Pure Food and Drug Act

Question 28

 Someone who is in involved with environmental protection  Wants to protect nature for future generations and manage natural resources wisely

Answer 28

Conservationist

Question 29

 He campaigned for preservation of wildlife, that nature should be untouched  The Birth of the Preservation Movement began in the 1870s because of his efforts  Created the Sierra Club

Answer 29

John Muir

Question 30

 U.S. forestry and conservation pioneer  Helped plan the U.S. system of forest reserves (later national forests)  Helped set government policy of planned management of natural resources for future use

Answer 30

Gifford Pinchot

Question 31

 Began by following TR’s policies then switched to his own which included more government involvement in business  He dropped Roosevelt's distinction between good trusts and bad trusts  Relaxed the hard line set by the Sherman Antitrust Act so big monopolies could continue so long as they did not “unreasonably” squeeze out smaller companies

Answer 31

William H. Taft

Question 32

 Nickname for the new Progressive Party, which was formed to support Roosevelt in the election of 1912  TR split from the Republican party and run as a Progressive when the Republican party refused to nominate him again in 1912

Answer 32

Bull Moose Party

Question 33

 28th president  Created Federal Reserve, Federal Trade Commission, Clayton Antitrust Act, progressive income tax, lower tariffs, and women's suffrage (reluctantly)

Answer 33

Woodrow Wilson

Question 34

 Gave Congress the power to create an income tax without restrictions  Before the income tax, federal taxes were based on what your property was worth  Now, a graduated income tax meant that wealthy people pay a higher percentage of their income than poor people

Answer 34

16th Amendment

Question 35

 Citizens choose their senators in their states by direct election  Promoted direct democracy (allowing citizens to become more involved in the political process)

Answer 35

17th Amendment

Question 36

 Law passed in 1914 (under Wilson) to strengthen federal antitrust enforcement by spelling out business activities that were forbidden  Passed to give more strength to the enforcers than the previous Sherman Antitrust Act

Answer 36

Clayton Anti-trust Act 1914

Question 37

 A 1913 law that placed commercial banks under the control of the Federal Reserve Board, which set up regional banks to hold the reserve funds of those commercial banks  Gave government the power to control the money supply

Answer 37

Federal Reserve System

Question 38

 Movement founded by the WCTU (Women’s Christian Temperance Union) seeking legislation designed to limit alcohol consumption

Answer 38

Temperance

Question 39

 Prohibited the manufacture, sale, and distribution of alcoholic beverages  Ratified in 1919 and lasted until 1933 when it was repealed by the 21st amendment

Answer 39

18th Amendment/Prohibition

Question 40

 Was an American educator, temperance reformer, and women's suffragist  Her influence was instrumental in the passage of the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Amendments to the United States Constitution

Answer 40

Frances Willard

Question 41

 A person who campaigned for women's right to vote such as: Susan B. Anthony, Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Carrie Chapman Catt, and Alice Paul

Answer 41

Suffragist

Question 42

 Social reformers who campaigned for women’s rights, temperance, and abolition beginning in the 1850s  They helped form the National Woman Suffrage Association to fight for a constitutional amendment that would grant women the right to vote

Answer 42

Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony