Unit 3 Vocab. Flashcards
(111 cards)
0
Q
Absorption
A
The act or process of sucking up or in; taking in of nutrients
1
Q
3 ingredients needed for fire
A
Oxygen, fuel, heat
2
Q
Acetic spill clean up
A
Eye protection, gloves, lab coats, clean up immediately, don’t let any heat sources near it
3
Q
Activity during a fire
A
Panic, rushing, must remain calm - rescue anyone in danger, activate the alarm, contain fire, extinguish fire
4
Q
Aerobic
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Requiring oxygen to live and grow
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Q
AIDS
A
Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome, caused by the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), suppresses the immune system - those who have it can’t fight off cancers and infections that wouldn’t affect a healthy person
6
Q
Amino acids
A
The basic components of proteins
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Q
Anaerobic
A
Not requiring oxygen to live and grow; able to thrive in the absence of oxygen
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Q
Antibiotics
A
Medications that kill bacteria and prevent them in future scenarios
9
Q
Antioxidants
A
Enzymes or organic molecules; help protect the body from harmful chemicals called free radicals
10
Q
Antisepsis
A
Aseptic control that inhibits, retards the growth of, or kills pathogenic organisms; not effective against spores or viruses - can be used on skin (alcohol and betadine)
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Q
Asepsis
A
Being free from infection
12
Q
Autoclave is good for how long?
A
30 days
13
Q
Bacilli
A
Rod-shaped bacteria - occur singly, in pairs, or in chains. Can form spores (extremely difficult to kill) - cause tuberculosis, tetanus, typhoid
14
Q
Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR)
A
The rate at which the body uses energy just for maintaining its own tissue and without doing any voluntary work (sports, exercise, etc.)
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Q
Best reservoir
A
An area that is warm, dark, and moist
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Q
Bile production
A
Produced by the liver, helps in the digestion of lipids in the small intestine
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Q
Bird flu
A
H5N1 - devastated bird flocks in several countries, death rate is 50-60%, concerns are that it will mutate and spread more rapidly and effectively
18
Q
Bland diet
A
Diets that consist of foods that are easy to digest and do not irritate the digestive tract. Avoid coarse foods, pastries, candies, raw foods, alcoholic and carbonated beverages, etc.
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Q
Body fluids
A
Blood and blood components, urine, stool, semen, vaginal secretion, cerebrospinal fluid, saliva, mucus, and other similar fluids
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Q
Body mechanics
A
The way the body moves and maintains balance while making the most efficient use of all its parts
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Q
Border of sterile field
A
Don’t go over the sterile object, breath on it, or touch it with anything unsterilized
22
Q
Broad base of support?
A
Keep feet 8-10 inches apart, one foot slightly forward, balancing weight on both feet, and pointing toes in the direction of movement
23
Q
Calorie controlled diet
A
Low and high calorie diets, used for either overweight patients or extremely underweight individuals respectively
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Calories per essential nutrient
The number of calories provided by each essential nutrient
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Chain of infection
Causative agent > Reservoir > Portal of exit > Mode of transition > Portal of entry > Susceptible host
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Chemical cleaning
The cleaning of equipment by the use of chemicals
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Chemical digestion
Food mixed with digestive juices secreted from mouth, stomach, small intestine, and pancreas. Juices contain enzymes that chemically break down the food so nutrients can be absorbed by blood
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Chemical disinfection
A form of cleaning equipment, does not kill spores and viruses
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Cholesterol
Fatlike substance synthesized in the liver and found in body cells and animal fats
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Clean
Free from organisms causing disease
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Contact precautions
Used for any patient that has microorganisms capable of causing an epidemic and can be transmitted by direct or indirect contact
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Contamination of health care worker
When a health care worker gets infected by a contaminated person or thing
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Contaminated
Organisms and pathogens are present in or on a person or thing
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Damaged equipment
Any piece of equipment that is damaged in any way, should be reported immediately, not used, and labeled that it is damaged
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N-95 or P-100
Respirators that filter out at least 95% of airborne particles
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Organic compounds
Compounds that contain carbon: carbohydrates, proteins, and fats
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Diabetic diet
Used for patients with diabetes mellitus. Strict diet with calorie monitoring, avoids almost all sugar-heavy foods
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Disaster policies
Employees of health care facilities must be familiar with their facility's specific disaster policy in order to know what to do if a disaster strikes and keep themselves and the patients safe - must stay calm
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Digestion
Physical or chemical breakdown of food by the body in preparation for absorption
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Diseases caused by virus
Incurable - diseases: colds, measles, mumps, chicken pox, herpes, warts, influenza, polio, West Nile, monkeypox, Ebola, bird flu, Hepatitis B and C, AIDS
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Disinfection
Process that kills pathogenic organisms, not always effective against spores and viruses - can irritate or damage skin (bleach)
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Dry heat cleaning
Use of high heat for a long time in order to clean something (at least 320 degrees for 1 hour) - good for corrodible items
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Etiology
The study of the cause of a disease
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Electrical safety
Don't use frayed or damaged electrical cords. Dry off hands before using electrical devices.
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Endogenous
Disease or infection originates within the body - include tumors and infections
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Ergonomics
An applied science used to promote the safety and well-being of a person by adapting the environment and using techniques to prevent injury
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Exogenous
Infection or disease originates from outside the body - include radiation, chemical agents, trauma, and electric shock
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Fat-restricted diet
(Low-fat diets) diets that avoid fatty foods, usually used for patients that are obese or that have certain diseases
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Fire drill
Drills used by a variety of facilities to ensure that employees, residents, patients, so forth know where to go in case of a real fire occurring
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Forming of food habits
Looks of food, religions influence, form at young age
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Fungi
Simple, plantlike organisms that live in dead organic matter - yeasts and molds - cause ringworm, athletes foot, yeast vaginitis
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Glove usage
Protects hands from any harmful chemicals or materials, also used to keep hands clean during operations and so on
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Hantavirus
A virus spread by contact with rodents (rats and mice) or their excretions
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High calorie diet
Diets used for patients that are extremely underweight or have disease like anorexia nervosa, provide large calorie amounts
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High density lipoprotein
Removes cholesterol from the blood and reduces the risk of a person getting atherosclerosis and heart disease
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High protein diets
Usually used for children whose growth is delayed, pregnant women, before/after surgery, burn patients, infected patients. High in proteins
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Host
A person or thing that is home to a disease or infection
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Human energy comes from where?
Readily usable energy comes from carbohydrates, other forms of energy come from lipids
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Idiopathic
Without recognizable cause; condition that is self-originating
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Importance of water
Essential for the digestion of food, makes up most of cell cytoplasm and blood plasma, helps body tissues absorb nutrients, helps remove waste from the body
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Infectious agent
Bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoa, worms - anything that can cause illness or infection
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Lipids in body
Made of carbon, hydrogen, and lots of oxygen - provide a lot of energy, insulate body, provide flavoring to food, and cushion organs - triglycerides (fats and fatty acids), phospholipids (lecithin), sterols (cholesterol)
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Low-cholesterol diet
Restrict foods that contain cholesterol. Used for patients with atherosclerosis and heart disease
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Low-protein diet
Issued for patients with certain kidney or renal diseases. Diets that limit protein intake
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Low-residue diet
Diets that limit or eliminate foods high in bulk or fiber (raw fruits and vegetables, whole grain bread and cereal, nuts, beans, peas, coconuts, fried foods
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Mechanical digestion
Food broken down by teeth and moved through the digestive tract by peristalsis (rhythmic, wavelike movement of muscles)
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Metabolism
The use of food nutrients by the body to produce energy
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Mode of transmission
How a causative agent is transmitted to another reservoir or host - direct contact (physical/sexual contact), indirect contact (from food, air, soil, insects, clothing, feces, instruments, equipment), vectors (insect bites)
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Needle precautions
After use, must be put into a sharps container, making sure that the needle doesn't bend and that the container can't be punctured. Can't be emptied or reused
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Needlestick Safety and Prevention Act
2001 - OSHA states that health care workers/facilities should try to find and use safe and effective medical devices, incorporate changes in annual update of exposure control plan, and maintain a sharp injury log
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Normal flora
Microorganisms that occur naturally in certain parts of the body and do not cause disease
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Nosocomial
Infection acquired by an individual in a health care facility, usually present in the facility and are transmitted from workers to patient - cause staphylococcus and pseudomonas
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Nutrition
All body processes related to food; the body's use of food for growth, development, and health
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Opportunistic
Infections that occur when the body's defenses are weak - cancers and pneumonia in AIDS patients
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OSHA
Occupational Safety and Health Administration
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OSHA regulations
Require employers to inform employees of all chemicals and hazards in the workplace and requires that manufacturers provide Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) with any hazardous products they sell
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Osteoporosis
Condition in which bones become brittle and porous because of lack or loss of calcium, phosphorous, and other minerals - bones break easily, caused by low-density bones
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Parasitic microorganisms
Rickettsiae, can't live outside the cells of organisms, commonly found in mites, lice, fleas, and ticks
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PASS
Pull pin
Aim at base of fire
Squeeze
Sweep
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Pathogens
Germs, microorganisms that cause infection and disease
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Portal of entry
A way for a causative agent to enter a new reservoir or host - breaks in skin, breaks in mucous membrane, respiratory tract, digestive tract, genitourinary tract, circulatory system
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Portal of exit
A way for a causative agent to escape the reservoir in which it grew - can leave through urine, feces, saliva, blood, tears, and the like
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PPE when and what do you wear
PPE - personal protective equipment - gloves, gowns, lab coats, masks, and face shields used for any activity or job involving body fluids, chemicals, or live diseases/infections
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Principles of body mechanics
Muscles work best when used correctly
Correct use of muscles makes lifting, pushing, and pulling easier
Correct application prevents unnecessary fatigue and strain
Correct application prevents injury to self and others
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Protozoa
One felled animal-like organisms found in decayed materials, animal/bird feces, insect bites, and contaminated water - cause diseases like malaria, amebic dysentery, and African sleeping sickness
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RACE
Rescue anyone in immediate danger
Activate the alarm
Contain fire
Extinguish fire
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Reading labels on solutions
Very important. Chemicals are only effective if used properly
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Religions influence on diet
Some religions require a certain diet, need to try to follow the five food groups still
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Reservoir
An area where a causative agent can live - include: human body, animals, the environment, fomites (infectious materials containing pathogens - doorknobs, bedpans, urinals, linens, instruments)
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Rickettsiae
Parasitic microorganisms commonly found in fleas, lice, ticks, and mites - transmitted by bites - cause typhus fever and Rocky Mountain spotted fever. Antibiotics are effective on them
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Risk factors associated with obesity
Hypertension, diabetes mellitus, coronary heart disease, high cholesterol, stroke, osteoarthritis, gallbladder disease, breathing problems
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Risk factors for nosocomial infections
Can infect patients/residents (sometimes easily), antibiotic resistant, can be life-threatening
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Role of nutrition
To provide the body with a state of good nutrition and maintain its wellness - determines physical attributes, behaviors, and thoughts
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Safety glasses
Glasses worn to protect the eyes from any harmful chemicals or materials
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Solution guidelines
Read solution label. Don't mix with other solutions. If on skin rinse off with cold water. If in eyes call for help.
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Sources of protein
Meats, fish, eggs, milk, cheese, cereals, soybeans, dry beans, peas, corn, nuts
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Spirilla
Bacteria that are spiral or corkscrew shape - cause syphilis and cholera
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Stages of illness
```
Infectious Agent
Reservoir
Portal of Exit
Mode of Transmission
Portal of Entry
Susceptible Host
```
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Standard Precautions origins
Put in place by the Centers for Disease Control, National Center for Infectious Diseases, and Hospital Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee
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Steam cleaning
Use of steam under pressure to clean equipment
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Sterile field transfer
Transfer forceps (sterile) used to move or place a sterile field
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Sterile technique
Drop, mitten, and transfer forceps
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Sterilization
Process that destroys all microorganisms - can be steam under pressure, gas, radiation, or chemicals
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Ultrasonic cleaning
Uses sound waves to clean something
105
Vaccine for bioterrorism
Prepared response for a bioterrorism attack. Vaccine depends on what the disease or infection is.
106
Viruses
Smallest microorganisms visible only by electron microscope, can't reproduce unless inside another cell, hard to kill because resistant to many disinfectants and antibiotics - cause many diseases: colds, measles, mumps, chicken pox, influenza, polio - can change and mutate to form new strains
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What are cilia?
Cilia are tiny, hairlike structures that line the respiratory tract and propel pathogens out of the body.
108
What are your strong muscle groups?
Shoulders, upper arms, hips, thighs
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What is cocci?
Spherical bacterium
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Who do we use standard precautions on?
All patients
