Unit 3.2.2 Observational Learning Flashcards
1
Q
Observational learning
A
- Type of social learning
- Occurs when a learner observes a model’s actions and their consequences
- To guide their future actions
2
Q
Social-cognitive approach
A
- When individual process, remember + learn info in social contexts
- To explain + predict their behaviour + that of others
3
Q
5 stages of observational learning (ARRMR)
A
- Attention
- Retention
- Reproduction
- Motivation
- Reinforcement
4
Q
Attention
A
- First step in observational learning
- The learner actively watches the model’s behaviour + the consequences
5
Q
Retention
A
- Second stage in observational learning
- Learner stores (retains) an accurate mental representation
- Of the models behaviour
6
Q
Reproduction
A
- Third stage in observational learning
- Learners physical + mental capabilities enable them to perform the model’s behaviour
7
Q
Motivation
A
- Fourth stage
- Learner’s desire
- To perform the model’s behaviour
8
Q
Latent
A
- There is no motivation to repeat the behaviour
- Exists but not demonstrated
- Not shown until required
9
Q
Reinforcement
A
- A consequence for the observed behaviour
- Induces the motivation to reproduce the behaviour
- Therefore increasing the likelihood of reproduction
10
Q
Types of reinforcement
A
- External reinforcement
- Vicarious reinforcement
- Self-reinforcement
11
Q
External reinforcement
A
- Reinforcement provided by another person
- Such as a parent or experimenter
12
Q
Vicarious reinforcement
A
- Occurs indirectly
- By observing a modelled behaviour being reinforced
13
Q
Self reinforcement
A
- Reinforced by meeting standards we set for ourselves
- Such as fulfilling a sense of pride
14
Q
Vicarious
A
Experienced through watching rather than doing
15
Q
Factors that influence whether we imitate a model
A
- Similarities
- If model is high status
- If model’s response is physically possible for learner to imitate
- If model is familiar to us through observation (e.g. family member)
