Unit 4

Question 1

What are London Dispersion forces and what are they present in

Answer 1

Very weak and temporary; found in everything

Question 2

What is the relationship between IMF and KE

Answer 2

disproportinal. High IMF is low KE

Question 3

When do dipole-dipole interactions occur

Answer 3

Between polar and nonpolar molecules (partial negative and partial positive)

Question 4

When do H bonds occur and what are they

Answer 4

Very strong dipole-dipole interaction that occurs due to a very polar bond. Occurs between H and N, O, or F

Question 5

What are ion-dipole interactions

Answer 5

occur when the partial positive or negative region of a polar molecule is attracted to an ion of hte opposite sign

Question 6

What is the order of IMFs from weakest to strongest

Answer 6

London Dispersion, dipole-dipole, H bonds, ion-ion, and ion dipole bonds

Question 7

What is viscosity

Answer 7

Resistance to flow

Question 8

What are the three things that Viscosity depends on

Answer 8

IMFs, size/ shape of molecules, and temperature

Question 9

What are cohesive forces

Answer 9

IMFs between identical molecules (Ie. water to water)

Question 10

What is surface tension

Answer 10

E required to increase surface area of a liquid

Question 11

What are adhesive forces

Answer 11

IMFs between different molecules

Question 12

Are adhesive or cohesive forces stronger

Answer 12

Adhesive

Question 13

What is vapor pressure and its symbol

Answer 13

The pressure above a liquid at equilibirum in a closed system and vap sub P

Question 14

What does vapor pressure depend on and what are the relationships

Answer 14

Disproportional to IMF strength and proportional to temperature

Question 15

What is boiling point

Answer 15

T at which a liquid’s vapor pressure is equal to atmospheric pressure

Question 16

What is the relationship between vapor pressure and boiling point

Answer 16

disproportional

Question 17

What is enthalpy of vaporization and its symbol

Answer 17

Heat necessary to vaporize one mole of liquid and Vap sub delta H

Question 18

What is enthalpy of fusion and its symbol

Answer 18

E needed to melt one mole of stuff and fus sub delta H

Question 19

Enthalpy of fusion is always slighlty smaller of bigger than enthalpy of vaporization

Answer 19

Smaller

Question 20

What is sublimation

Answer 20

solid to gas

Question 21

What is deposition

Answer 21

gas to solid

Question 22

What is the triple point

Answer 22

Point where all three phases exist

Question 23

What is the critical point

Answer 23

Point where liquid/gas boundry no longer exists

Question 24

Why is the phase diagram of water different from others and how is it different

Answer 24

Because water is heavier than ice is thus, it has a negative slope for the liquid/solid boundary

Question 25

What is an ionic crystalline solid

Answer 25

forms crystal lattice only between metals and nonmetals

Question 26

What is a metallic crystalline solid

Answer 26

"sea of electrons" between metals only

Question 27

What is a molecular crystalline solid

Answer 27

forms only between nonmetals

Question 28

What is a covalent network crystalline

Answer 28

atomic solids only

Question 29

What is the relationship between temperature and solubility of gases

Answer 29

Increase in temperature causes a decrease in solubility

Question 30

What are miscible liquids

Answer 30

liquids that are soluble in each other at all concentrations

Question 31

What are immiscible liquids

Answer 31

Liquids that are not soluble in each other

Question 32

What is the relationship between temperature and solubility of solids

Answer 32

Decrease in temperature causes a decrease in solubility

Question 33

What is osmotic pressure and its symbol

Answer 33

pressure that a solution can exert and its symbol is small pi

Question 34

What is equilibrium

Answer 34

State where the concentration of reactants and products is constant

Question 35

What happens when the equilibrium constant is one

Answer 35

Reaction favors neither side

Question 36

What happens when the equilibrium constant is greater than one

Answer 36

The reaction favors products

Question 37

What happens when the equilibrium constant is less than one

Answer 37

Reaction favors reactants

Question 38

What does the equilibrium constant depend on

Answer 38

temperature

Question 39

What is the reaction quotient and its symbol

Answer 39

Way to determine if a system is at equilibrium or not and Q

Question 40

What is the equilibrium constant and its symbols

Answer 40

Describes concentrations of a system at equilibrium and K sub eq K sub C or K

Question 41

If Q is bigger than K what happens

Answer 41

There are too many reactants so system shifts right

Question 42

If Q is smaller than K what happens

Answer 42

There are too many products so system shifts left

Question 43

What is le Chatelier's principle

Answer 43

if a system is perturbed at equilibrium, it returns to equilibrium by counteracting perturbation

Question 44

When at equilibrium and K > 1 what is Gibb's free energy?

Answer 44

Negative thus, spontaneous

Question 45

When at equilibrium and K = 1 what is Gibb's free energy?

Answer 45

Zero

Question 46

When at equilibrium and K < 1 what is Gibb's free energy?

Answer 46

Postive thus, non spontaneous

Question 47

When are Kc and Kp equal

Answer 47

When there are an equal number of moles of gas on both sides

Question 48

When gases are in standard states, what is their pressure

Answer 48

1 atm

Question 49

What is the london dispersion trend?

Answer 49

Increases as electrons increase

Question 50

What is the relationship between boiling point and IMF

Answer 50

Proportional

Question 51

What is the relationship between viscosity and IMF

Answer 51

Proportional

Question 52

What is the relationship between surface tension and IMF

Answer 52

proportional

Question 53

What is the relationship between pressure and solubility of a gas

Answer 53

Proportional