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CM-BIM > Unit-4 > Flashcards

Unit-4 Flashcards

1
Q

Building Information Modeling (BIM) Addendum:

A

Endorsed by a wide range of owner and construction industry groups, the BIM Addendum fosters the collaborative use of Building Information Modeling that appropriately balances critical interests and concerns of everyone who contributes to and uses BIM on a project. See ConsensusDocs.

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2
Q

Building Information Modeling (BIM) process:

A

The collaborative approach to executing a project where all parties work in a model-based environment with agreed upon roles, responsibilities, and vision. The process includes defined actions to facilitate a streamlined approach to delivering the project to the owner.

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3
Q

BuildingSMART:

A

An international membership organization with representation in North America, Europe, Asia, and Australia of architects, engineers, constructors, product manufacturers, facilities managers, and software vendors. Formerly IAI, buildingSMART was established to coordinate open interoperability and full lifecycle implementation of Building Information Models. These help to guarantee lowest overall cost, optimum sustainability, energy conservation, and environmental stewardship to protect the earth’s ecosystem, http://buildingsmart. org

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4
Q

Charrette:

A

An intensive design review process that involves the collaboration of all project stakeholders at the beginning of a project to develop a comprehensive plan or model.

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5
Q

Clash detection:

A

A review that identifies when design components overlap or interfere with the proper operation of other design elements so a resolution can be developed in the 3D model during the design phase.

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6
Q

Collaboration:

A

To work together, especially in a joint intellectual effort.

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7
Q

Collaborative BIM:

A

A process where the project owner, architect/engineer, and contractor (and often, the subcontractors, supplier/manufacturers, tenants, and others) all participate in creating and using a model(s) for the project. This process is sometimes referred to as “big BIM.”

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8
Q

Co-locate:

A

Locating team members who contribute to project models in the same physical or virtual space to work simultaneously together on the models. See also Computer Aided Virtual Environment.

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9
Q

CAD:

A

Computer Aided Design

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10
Q

Computer Aided Virtual Environment (CAVE):

A

A single physical location (or virtual space) at which multiple contributors view and discuss project issues and develop solutions in real time. In this process, team members communicate directly to add their modeling data, collaborate on model conflict resolution, and undertake other analyses of the 3D model created for a project. Sometimes referred to as co-locating or big room development. See also co-locate.

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11
Q

Constructability review:

A

A process by which conflicts among various contributions of data and information to a model are resolved; sometimes referred to as clash detection, clash resolution, or spatial coordination. Representatives of each contributor work together to identify design conflicts and to reach an agreement on the best means of resolving them during this process.

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12
Q

Construction Coordination:

A

An intensive process that involves the collaboration of all project stakeholders at the beginning of a project to develop a comprehensive plan or design.

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13
Q

Construction Manager (CM) as-Agency:

A

The project delivery method where the owner has a contract with the CM and another directly with the architect/engineer. The CM typically provides essential pre-construction services, holds the trade contracts as an agent of the owner, and takes responsibility for the administration and supervision of the work of the multiple prime contractors.

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14
Q

Construction Manager (CM) at-Risk:

A

A project delivery method where a CM is hired by an owner and the owner separately hires the project architect/ engineer. The CM provides pre-construction administrative services, holds the trade contracts, takes responsibility for performance of the work, and guarantees the construction costs and scheduled completion of the work. The CM at-Risk essentially functions as a prime contractor, assuming risk of performance, either by the CM’s own crews or by specialty contractors and suppliers.

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15
Q

Construction Manager (CM) with Pre-Construction Services:

A

A CM engaged by an owner to assist before the engagement of subcontractors and start of construction to provide construction expertise to guide the design process and facilitate effective and efficient procurement of the project. Pre-construction services often consist of estimating, scheduling, constructability reviews, scoping, and buyout of the project.

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16
Q

Construction plan (Construction planning):

A

The practice of identifying project objectives and necessary resources (for example, personnel, materials, equipment, capital), then allocating them to maximum efficiency to execute a successful project. An actual construction plan document may or may not be created, but the output of a construction plan is normally a schedule driven by cost, resources, and time.

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17
Q

Contingency:

A

A set percentage of the construction contract amount budgeted for unforeseen emergencies or design shortfalls identified after a construction project commences (Source: California’s State Administrative Manual).

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18
Q

Contractor:

A

The party on the project responsible for performing and overseeing construction by the party’s own and/or hired forces.

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19
Q

Co-opetition:

A

Cooperative competition. Occurs when companies work together to support parts of their business where they do not believe they have a competitive advantage and believe they can share common costs.

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20
Q

Coordination Model:

A

A Building Information Model that is developed from a completed design. The creation of the model is an interpretation of a design as opposed to the creation of a design.

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21
Q

Coordination Software:

A

Applications that are developed to host and/or merge authoring and detailing models (that is, Autodesk® Navisworks®, Bentley ProjectWise Navigator, and Solibri Model Checker™).

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22
Q

Cost driver:

A

An element that can have a high variable cost, depending on design decisions.

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23
Q

Cost model:

A

A breakdown of the construction and project budget into detailed “cost targets.” The construction budget is developed in both a detailed, component(s)-based format and a CSI-based format to reflect the project’s goals, detailed program, and performance requirements. The integrated team develops the cost targets collaboratively prior to commencing the conceptualization phase of the project process. The structure provides the benchmark for the team to support continuous cost management as the project progresses to ensure that it will be completed within the targeted budget.

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24
Q

Deliverable:

A

A deliverable is the product of engineering or design efforts. Typically, this would include a concept submittal and the corrected final design. A deliverable may have multiple phases.

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25
Q

Design assist:

A

An approach to pre-construction where select subcontractors are engaged in a consulting capacity to assist with providing design and/or review services. The design assist subcontractors may or may not be selected for the actual construction of the project.

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26
Q

Design-Bid-Build:

A

A method of project delivery in which the owner procures a design and bid package from an independent architect/engineer, uses competitive bidding to get bid prices for all work required to build the project as specified, and then selects a constructor to build the project, often on the basis of the low bid received from a responsible constructor.

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27
Q

Design-Build:

A

A method of project delivery in which one firm assumes responsibility for both the design and the construction of the project. By combining these two functions from the outset of the project, Design-Build can promote a more collaborative team approach throughout the entire duration of the project.

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28
Q

Design consultant:

A

The professional consultant on the project responsible for performing and overseeing design in specific areas of the work (for example, structural, mechanical, landscape, electrical, civil, etc.).

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29
Q

Design coordination:

A

The process of ensuring that the various elements of the design (for example, architectural, structural, electrical, etc.) fit together and complement one another.

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30
Q

Designer:

A

The design professional on the project responsible for performing and overseeing overall project design.

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31
Q

Detailing Software:

A

Applications developed to produce shop drawings and control fabrication processes (for example, Tekla Structures®, SDS/2®, QuickPen™, and CADPIPE® software).

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32
Q

Digital data:

A

Digital data is defined as information, communications, drawings, or designs created or stored for the project in digital form, which may be read on a computer.

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33
Q

Disruptive:

A

A term used in business and technology literature to describe innovations that improve a product or service in ways that the market does not expect, typically by lowering price or designing for a different set of consumers.

34
Q

Drawings:

A

Any (a) two-dimensional plans, sketches, or other drawings that are created separately, and not derived, from a model and (b) two-dimensional projections derived from a model supplemented with independent graphics or annotations.

35
Q

Federated Model:

A

A model that is composed of multiple models representing the input from all design disciplines on a project. The model evolves through an iterative process where each subsequent iteration represents an advancement of the project designs. Ultimately, the Federated Model incorporates all 3D geometry and related object information.

36
Q

Forensic modeling:

A

The practice of using or creating a model of various levels of detail for the purpose of recreating a visual representation of actual events (usually of the onsite construction and installation activities).

37
Q

General Services Administration (GSA):

A

An independent agency of the U.S. government, established in 1949 to help manage and support the basic functioning of federal agencies. The GSA supplies products and communications for U.S. government offices, provides transportation and office space to federal employees, and develops government-wide cost-minimizing policies, among other management tasks.

38
Q

Greenfield:

A

Construction projects located on newly developed land. Because the land has not previously been developed, demolition of decontamination or other make-ready projects is not required.

39
Q

Industry Foundation Classes (IFCs):

A

IFCs are data elements that represent parts of buildings, or elements of the design process, and contain the relevant information about those parts. IFCs are used by computer applications to assemble a computer-readable model of the facility that contains all the information of the parts and their relationships to be shared among project participants. The buildingSMART alliance has created this non-proprietary data exchange format to mitigate interoperability problems in modeling. See also interoperability.

40
Q

Integrated Project Delivery (IPD):

A

Also known as Integrated Practice, a project delivery method that leverages intellectual and physical resources using the best available tools to produce the highest quality product by placing project owner, contractor, and architect/engineer at risk for profit or loss on the project. It requires ongoing-shared team knowledge that is well facilitated through extensive BIM use.

41
Q

Integration:

A

The coming together of primary participants (which could include owner, designer, constructor, design consultants, trade contractors, key systems suppliers, etc.) at the beginning of a project for the purpose of designing and constructing the project as a team.

42
Q

International Alliance for Interoperability (IAI):

A

Consists of software companies, building product manufacturers, information publishers, owners, designers, and builders in AEC and other industries whose goal is to develop a universal standard for model data information sharing. See also BuildingSMART.

43
Q

Interoperability:

A

The exchange of information among project participants throughout the lifecycle of a facility by direct communication between software applications. This is accomplished via a common set of exchange formats to read and write data similarly and to use the same protocols.

44
Q

iRoom (Smart Room):

A

A room that is set up for the purpose of facilitating quick and efficient interaction between project participants for planning, designing, and/ or coordinating a project. These rooms typically have audiovisual devices installed that allow project participants to review models and make decisions.

45
Q

Light table:

A

A viewing device used to review 2D drawings placed on top of it. It provides even illumination of the subject from below through a translucent cover and fluorescent lights that emit little heat.

46
Q

Line of Balance Scheduling:

A

A location-based scheduling technique that graphically represents the planned and actual completion of activities based on site locations. The main benefits of the Line of Balance Scheduling technique include easy identification of spatial scheduling conflicts and conflicts caused by unbalanced productivity rates in work crews.

47
Q

Link:

A

An association between spatial elements and activities in a model.

48
Q

Model:

A

A 3D representation of a building, aspect, or project in digital form.

49
Q

The National Building Information Model Standard (NBIMS):

A

Committee of the National Institute for Building Sciences (NIBS) Facility Information Council (FIC) that created IFCs. Since 1992, the FIC mission has been to “improve the perf

50
Q

The National Institute of Building Sciences (NIBS):

A

The National Institute of Building Sciences was authorized by the U.S. Congress in the Housing and Community Development Act of 1974, Public Law 93-383. In establishing NIBS, Congress recognized the need for an organization that could serve as an interface between government and the private sector to improve the building regulatory environment, facilitate the introduction of new and existing products and technology into the building process, and disseminate nationally recognized technical and regulatory information.

51
Q

nD model:

A

Beyond 5D. The integration of other aspects or analyses of the 3D model, such as safety, energy, indoor air quality, lighting, etc. See also xD model.

52
Q

Non-collaborative BIM:

A

A model created independently by a party for its own purposes. Sometimes referred to as “silo BIM” or “little BIM.”

53
Q

Object:

A

A physical entity or event depicted in a model (whether 2D or 3D) that may or may not possess any related properties. An object can be a single design element, or composed of many elements and components that would be more burdensome if treated as separate parts of the project model.

54
Q

Object enabler:

A

An application written by a software developer that allows its custom, or proprietary, objects or elements to be viewed in a different software application environment. Object enablers may be available at no charge from the website of a modeling software application developer.

55
Q

Object families:

A

Libraries of cut-and-paste templates for common design elements included in most BIM software. These libraries include common design features,such as walls, roofs, windows, doors and trim, stairs, railings, ramps, cabinets, landscaping, and light fixtures.

56
Q

Open interoperability standards:

A

Non-proprietary protocols and data structures that support the exchange or joint use of digital information by differing software tools.

57
Q

Parametric:

A

Software objects/elements that reflect or describe the real-world behaviors and attributes of construction materials, equipment, and assemblies depicted. Objects possess characteristics of construction materials, equipment, and assemblies and also depict the interrelationship and interaction among them. Consistent relationships are maintained among elements as the model is manipulated.

58
Q

Parametric modeling systems:

A

Parametric models are object-based rather than line-based. This allows all of the objects in a model to be adapted simply by changing the reference file for that object, which also allows all of the views to be changed automatically when one is changed.

59
Q

Phase:

A

A portion of work that arises from sequencing work in accordance with predetermined stages.

60
Q

Phasing model:

A

A 3D model using a series of images to show construction over time to yield 4D.

61
Q

Professional Services:

A

Services provided by a licensed professional, such as an architect, engineer, or construction manager.

62
Q

Process (or Processing):

A

Typically describes the act of taking something through an established and usually routine set of procedures to convert it from one form to another, as a manufacturing or administrative procedure, such as converting computer data from one form to another (Adapted from Wikipedia).

63
Q

Pull-driven:

A

An approach to scheduling, logistics, and resource management where actions are triggered by concrete requests from product users, not by an assumption that a product or a service may be needed.

64
Q

Quantity takeoff:

A

The ability to count, measure, and extract any or all of the identified elements contained in a 3D model.

65
Q

Rendering:

A

Photorealistic digital image with lighting conditions, material textures, reflectivity, and shadows. (Rendering is used for presentation, visualization, understanding, consensus, sales, marketing and funding, etc.)

66
Q

Rendering Software:

A

Applications that can provide a 3D interactive rendering of the project (for example, SketchUp™, Autodesk® 3ds Max®, and PowerPoint©).

67
Q

Return on Investment (ROI):

A

The amount of profit, before tax and after depreciation, resulting from an investment made, usually expressed as a percentage of the original total cost invested. In the BIM environment, this profit is frequently reported as real dollars saved because of executing model-based coordination and is measured against anticipated costs in the traditional process.

68
Q

Reverse Phase Scheduling:

A

A scheduling technique that develops a schedule by working backward from a target completion date. This technique ensures that the schedule is sound and the project is constructible from a sequencing perspective. Also known as Pull-Driven Scheduling or Pull Scheduling.

69
Q

Roundtripping:

A

The electronic exchange of model data from one party to another and then back to the first party. If interoperability has not been addressed, data may be lost or modified inappropriately during this process.

70
Q

Scheduling:

A

A sequence of activities based upon the elements of a construction plan and reflecting the decisions made with all the project’s known objectives and constraints in mind. It is output generated from the construction plan or 3D model.

71
Q

Selection:

A

An isolated object identified for the purposes of visualizing, clarifying, analyzing, transforming, or updating within the model environment.

72
Q

Selection set:

A

A collection of objects of any number or type that are desired to be viewed and/or manipulated collectively rather than individually. This set can be identified and preserved with a single name.

73
Q

Shop drawings:

A

Drawings prepared by licensed design professionals that illustrate means and methods of implementing work consistent with an architect’s designs.

74
Q

Spatial coordination:

A

For design coordination and constructability, to check work digitally before putting it in place in the field. (Synonyms: interference, collision, conflict, clash detection, variance, coordination.)

75
Q

Spatial element:

A

Spatial representations in a model of physical elements (for example, walls) or conceptual elements (for example, rooms, zones, access space).

76
Q

Soft Clash:

A

Two or more model elements that violate space constraints imposed by code or design limitations without physical overlap – these typically include clearance around objects, tolerances needed for safe operation and egress requirements.

77
Q

Sustainability:

A

The idea of sustainability, or ecological design, is to ensure that our actions and decisions today do not inhibit the opportunities of future generations (Source: Doerr Architecture website).

78
Q

Synchronization:

A

The process of updating the schedule and/or the model and updating the 4D model with the new information.

79
Q

Unique ID:

A

In most BIM systems, conceptual and spatial elements have a unique identifier by which these elements can be addressed. Unique IDs are created only once in the lifetime of a model, and each is associated with only one spatial element.

80
Q

Value engineering:

A

A process undertaken during the design phase in which elements or components of the design are evaluated for ease of constructability, and to incorporate design features that provide comparable performance at better cost or schedule savings.

CM-BIM (4 decks)

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