UNIT 4

Question 1

state

Answer 1

-refers to countries-political units with a population, territorial boundaries, a government, an economy, sovereignty

Question 2

nation

Answer 2

refers to a group of people who share a common culture and identify as a cohesive group

Question 3

components that make a nation

Answer 3

language, religion, a shared history, and territory and cultural elements that form a nation

Question 4

nation-state

Answer 4

a state where the boundaries of the political state match where a nation lives.
not many people in a nation-state live outside the boundaries of the state

Question 5

multinational state

Answer 5

a state that contains more that one nation within its borders

Question 6

stateless nation

Answer 6

a nation that does not have a territory to call its own

Question 7

autonomous and semi-autonomous regions

Answer 7

sections of a state that have an independence from a mainland or a larger political entity and have their own distinct identity.

Question 8

sovereignty

Answer 8

the internationally recognized control a place has over the people and territory within its boundaries.
often the core of everything they want in a nation

Question 9

advantages and disadvantages of a nation-state

Answer 9

the people of nation states often share a common language and history which is an advantage of a nation-state

though there is a lack of diversity because they dominantly consist of one group of people inside the border so many struggle to accept diversity.

Question 10

self-determination

Answer 10

Self-determination is the process by which a country determines its own statehood and forms its own allegiances and governments. Sovereignty is the authority of a state to govern itself.

Question 11

colonialism

Answer 11

the practice of a state establishing settlements in another geographic place that does not belong to them

Question 12

imperialism

Answer 12

the process of establishing political social and economic power over a cultural area and other states

Question 13

in most cases political boundaries drawn by the colonizers were drawn according to…

Answer 13

resources available

Question 14

when colonizers left a states what happens in most cases

Answer 14

when colonizer leave and lands become independent states the populations of those states were not unified which fueled ethnonational conflicts

Question 15

devolution

Answer 15

the process of transferring power from central government to one or more regions, often to prevent ethnonational violence

it can often refer to the transfer of power that occurs when a state breaks up and regions that were unified under a central government gain power and independence

Question 16

what often accelerates independent forces in multinational states and why

Answer 16

advances in communication technology
as groups push for more power and regional autonomy can communicate more quickly and broadly

Question 17

shatterbelt

Answer 17

a region caught between stronger colliding external cultural-political forces, under persistent stress, and often fragmented by aggressive rivals.

Question 18

choke point

Answer 18

a geographic feature such as a valley or bridge located at a strategic point defining political powers

often these places are points of political tension that lead to international conflict

Question 19

neocolonialism

Answer 19

controlling a country by using economic and political influence to influence a country without directly occupying or using military forces

Question 20

Territoriality

Answer 20

people’s deep cultural and economic connection to their land and can it can be essential to their core identity

Question 21

subsequent boundaries

Answer 21

divide space as a result of human interaction and negotiation after a significant settlement has occurred
Ex. Division between Canada and the US is an example of this boundary because it developed as a result of of settlement patterns being negotiated among the colonizers

Question 22

antecedent boundaries

Answer 22

existed before human sttlements
Ex. Kentucky and Indiana grew distinct cultures around an already present divider, the Ohio River

Question 23

Relic Boundaries

Answer 23

no longer exist/function, but they still impact the cultural landscape
Ex. The Berlin Wall which no longer serves as an administrative border dividing East and West Berling

Question 24

Superimposed Boundaries

Answer 24

forcibly put on the landscape by outside parties, such as invader or an organization (like the United Nations)
Ex. The boundary that created the modern state of Israel was superimposed by the United Nations

Question 25

Geometric political boundaries

Answer 25

straight-line boundaries that do not relate to the cultural or physical features of the territories involved
Ex. much of the border between the US and Canada is geometric

Question 26

Consequent boundaries

Answer 26

are created to separate territory according to features in cultural landscape,
such as boundaries that divide territories according to where different religious groups live.
can be drawn according to ethnic, religious, economic, or linguistic difference
Ex. when India decolonized it was broken into more than one sovereign states to accommodate differences in culture

Question 27

How are boundaries created to establish limits on soverignty

Answer 27

first phase: definition: this is where the exact location of the boundary is legally described and negotiated
second: boundaries are delimited-the boundary’s definition is draw on a map
third: boundaries are demarcate the physical marking of the boundary on a landscape with a dance, line, sign, wall, etc. (not all boundaries do this because of cost)
fourth: boundaries are administered enforced by a government or the people of a boundary that has been created

Question 28

What are some conflicts over boundaries

Answer 28

-the language of a border agreement in a treaty, the location of the boundary, how a boundary is operated, and how to divide resources across a boundary

Question 29

political boundaries are often drawn because of…

Answer 29

national. economic, or cultural divisions

Question 30

demilitarized zones (DMZ)

Answer 30

often are established through treaties or warring militaries.

Question 31

landlocked

Answer 31

countries that are landlocked are without coastal access to a body of water: must depend on their neighbors to get water resources for trade and navigation

Question 32

What do maritime boundaries do?

Answer 32

shape how states interact in the sea

Question 33

Internal (Sub-national) boundaries

Answer 33

impacts how a state functions and reflect the history of the state’s formation and evolution

Question 34

Gerrymandering

Answer 34

redrawing electoral boundaries to give a political party and advantage.

Question 35

what does national voting districts impacts

Answer 35

national redistricting impacts elections for the House of Representitives

Question 36

The law of the sea

Answer 36

made up of a variety of different zones

country (baseline)-> territorial waters-> contiguous zone -> exclusive economic zone -> international waters (anything passed EEZ)

Question 37

what does state local districts impacts

Answer 37

local school board representative boundaries can be redrawn which impacts the outcomes of school board elections and who has a voice on the school board

Question 38

states that are smaller in geographic sized and population maybe be more…

Answer 38

politically unified but not always

Question 39

unitary governmental structure

Answer 39

in which there is one main governmental decision making body for the entire state, smaller,

Question 40

devolution

Answer 40

the process of transferring some power from the central government to one or more regional governments

Question 41

Irredentism

Answer 41

a movement by a nation to reunite its parts when they have spread across boarders

Question 42

Terrorism

Answer 42

using extreme violence to cause political change, another devolutionary factor

Question 43

Ethnic cleansing

Answer 43

the systematic genocide of a particular ethnic group can lead to complete devolution of a state

Question 44

ethnic separatism

Answer 44

an ethnicity’s advocacy for autonomy

Question 45

Physical boundaries

Answer 45

physical featues that seperate a region (bodies of water/mountains)

Question 46

what happens when geographic areas such as mountain ranges isolates a people from its central government

Answer 46

it leads to unique cultural landscapes and ethnic identity

Question 47

supernationalism

Answer 47

the process of nation states organizing politically and economically into one organization or alliance

Question 48

centrifugal forces

Answer 48

forces that cause tension and potentially division within a state.
can lead to complete division of a state
an expulsion of a nation from a state leaving a stateless nation and economic problems

Question 49

Centripetal forces

Answer 49

unify a state’s people and regions

Question 49

Centripetal forces

Answer 49

unify a state’s people and regions

Question 49

Centripetal forces

Answer 49

unify a state’s people and regions

Question 50

unitary state

Answer 50

in which there is one main governmental decision making body (nation government) for the entire state, smaller population

Question 51

federal state

Answer 51

power is shared in both the nation and regional government: multinational state