unit 6

Question 1

site factors

Answer 1

influenced where cities originated
these factors include: physical and cultural characteristics of a places, climate, natural resources, absolute location

Question 2

fall lines

Answer 2

areas where a coastal plain meets an Upland region, ships often cannot travel any further without porting once they reach the fall line area

Question 3

situation factors

Answer 3

Situation factors also are influenced by the distribution of cities. Locations surrounding a place (connections between one place and another)

Question 4

What are things that affect how a settlement changes

Answer 4

transportation methods improve it allows for people and places to connect more easily
which increases the amount of goods and services being moved between different places.

Question 5

urban sprawl

Answer 5

the expansion of urban/subrurban areas into the surrounding countryside

Question 6

how does tech. affects the spacial patterns in urban landscape

Answer 6

a

Question 7

Pre-industrial cities

Answer 7

Pre-industrial cities developed prior to industrialization. the rural settlements surrounding the urban space provided agricultural products and food stuffs
even in pre-industrialized cities, they served as trade centers and gateways to foreign lands and markets

Question 8

post industrial cities

Answer 8

economies are focused more on display and consumption rather than on industrial production

Question 9

what happens As societies continue to advance economically

Answer 9

As societies continue to advance economically more people migrate from rural areas to urban areas which traditionally offer more economic opportunities due to the amount of people and businesses that are located in urban areas

But at the same time increased urbanization also leads to a high population density in a city which often increases rent home prices and reduces the affordability of the city

Question 10

As urbanization and economic development occur,

Answer 10

we also see changes in a countries demographic,
TFR may decrease because having larger families is less common, and population relies on migration instead of natural birth

Question 11

Urbanization

Answer 11

migration from rural to urban areas

Question 12

shock cities

Answer 12

megacities experiencing infrastructural challenges related to massive and rapid urbanization

Question 13

megacities

Answer 13

cities with over 10 million people

Question 14

metacities

Answer 14

cities with population of 20+ million people

Question 15

urbanization in LDC’s

Answer 15

In urbanization of less developed countries, there’s often two or one major cities with a high degree of Primacy or centrality, rather than being spread evenly throughout the country’s landscape, such intensely High rates of urbanization and less developed countries are straining the infrastructure resources of growing cities

Question 16

many young adults move to urban cities because they are seeking __________

Answer 16

high numbers of oppurtunity

Question 17

urban sprawl has led to the development of edge cities what are they

Answer 17

Edge cities have their own Economic districts and are located on the outskirts of the city
Edge cities have access the different goods and services that each City offers often have their own shopping mall, and buissnesses

Question 18

urban decentralization

Answer 18

occurs when people and businesses move away from the urban core and towards settlements in the outskirts of the city this results in certain powers and responsibilities to transfer from the urban core and go to these new settlements on the outskirt of the city

Question 19

Boomburb

Answer 19

Bloomburb’s developed as suburban areas rapidly grew contributing to the core city’s overall population boom

Question 20

core

Answer 20

dominant capitalist countries, exploit other countries for labor and raw materials (Developed countries)

Question 21

Peripheral:

Answer 21

Dependent on core countries for capital and have underdeveloped industries (LDCS)
Ex. America sends money to Africa to help them develop and support themselves.

Question 22

Semi Peripheral

Answer 22

a mix of both peripheral and core
China is a huge economy in the world, but also not as developed as other countries in the world: China’s economy is incredibly reliant on America buying their things

Question 23

Counter representation

Answer 23

is the increase in rural populations that result from the outmigration of city residents from their city and suburban homes in search of non-urban lifestyles

Question 24

Exurbs

Answer 24

Rings of wealthier rural communities That Grew just outside the suburbs and were hotbeds of continued Urban growth and development as they have developed they have moved farther away from the city’s

Question 25

Telecommuting

Answer 25

is a modern form of communicating that involves only communicating of information, through the use of telephone and internet technology

Question 26

Interdependent

Answer 26

when cities exist in a spider web of interacting cities

Question 27

Global cities:

Answer 27

have a high influence and degree of centrality on the world Or when they dominate the process of globalization, extending their influence well beyond the boundaries of a country in which they are located

Question 28

Pan-regional influence:

Answer 28

a reach that extends beyond the city’s own region into the other centers of economic control

Question 29

Rank Size Rule:

Answer 29

The city’s ranking in the urban hierarchy can be predicted by the rank size for which states that the nth largest cities population size is 1/n the size of a region’s largest city’s population size
Ex. the country’s 2nd largest settlement is roughly ½ the population of the largest settlement (variable does not have to be the same number)

Question 30

Primate:

Answer 30

The largest settlement has more than twice as many people as the second ranking settlement.
Example: Mexico city has five times as many people as the second largest city in Mexico.

Question 31

Positive and negative effects of a primate City:

Answer 31

Positive: provides a country’s economy w/ a global trade presence and large marketplace for economic transactions, improved healthcare systems, they have centralized transportation

Negative: Poverty stricken places, because primate cities gave such a disproportionate dominant presence this can lead to an unequal distribution of resources, population, wealth, power, etc.

Question 32

Brain drain and its connection to primate cities:

Answer 32

often in a country with a primate city, skilled workers move the primate city draining other cities of needed talent, this is called a brain drain

Question 33

Central Place Theory:

Answer 33

Layout and distribution of different goods and services and settlements we can see that larger settlements have a larger pull factor there’s allows them to have a larger range and that’s cuz they offer more goods and services and have more opportunities
Specific goods and services have a larger range because people will travel farther distances for them

Question 34

Threshold

Answer 34

a minimum number of people needed to fuel a particular functions existence in a central place

Question 35

Urban hierarchy:

Answer 35

A system of cities consisting of various levels

Question 36

Bid Rent Theory:

Answer 36

looks at the relationship of prices of land to the market/CBD,
the further you go away from the CBD the cheaper the land because population gets smaller and smaller moving from the CBD price for land are lower because there is less demand for the land

Question 37

Concentric Zone Model:

Answer 37

lower income residents and industries are often located near CBD while wealthier people live farther (this is in the US)
in most other places wealthier people live closer to cbd
A city’s land use can be viewed from above a series of concentric rings

Question 38

Hoyt’s sector model

Answer 38

observes that Urban Land Use zones of growth are based on Transportation routes and linear features
CBD is center point
Factories and industries aline near transportation systems (highways and railroads)
This is so they can export their goods quicker

Question 39

Harris and Ullman multi Nuclei model

Answer 39

Suggest that growth occurs independently around several major focal points, like airports, universities, Highway interchanges, and ports
These focal points may be distance from the original CBD and only Loosely connected to it suggesting A reduced dominance of the CBD
The points give unique economic opportunities to residents in that city
Cna cause segregation based off different opportunities in different parts of cities

Question 40

Galactic model

Answer 40

The CBD is decentralized and Edge cities develop around the CBD connected by automobile beltways and ring roads
Retails and industries move into suburbs
People are living farther from CBD
People travel among edge cites

Question 41

Latin American city model

Answer 41

Church and Central business district are in the center with wealthier people living closer to the church
Cbd then spine that goes to mall
Spine has most of the high wealth residents
Squatter settlements start to form
As the country develops more people are drawn into the city and more pressure is being put on the urban areas

Question 42

Sub-Saharan African City Model:

Answer 42

Often have 3 CBS
Shanty towns and squatter settlements form on the Outside of the city (periphery)
They often lack sufficient public services
Face drugs, crimes, diseases
Ex. Kenya
There are ethnic neighborhoods with strong ethnic identities near Mining and Manufacturing zones where people work

Question 43

Southeastern asia model

Answer 43

Is no CBD
The port is the focal point of the model
Hub of activity is located around the port
Often chinese, foreign Merchants living in the structures form which they are selling Goods near the port
manufacturing those are on the periphery of the city

Question 44

Urban infilling

Answer 44

This occurs when cities develop areas inside of urban areas that are not yet developed or build out

Question 45

Urban geomancy

Answer 45

occurs when a developer or government boldly designs a new development to reflect a cultural value

Question 46

Infrastructure

Answer 46

a cities infrastructure is the system and structures that support the population such as public transformation, emergency health service, airports, water, communication systems, etc.

Question 47

Blockbusting

Answer 47

when a real estate agent uses racism to “bust up” a block by bringing a minority family into a predominantly white neighborhood and then profiting from all of the real estate turnover that followed

Question 48

Racial steering / de facto segregation

Answer 48

when a real estate agent would intentionally or unintentionally steer people to buy a home in a neighborhood based on their race

Question 49

Redlining

Answer 49

process by which banks refuse loans to those who want to purchase and improve properties in certain minority-occupied urban areas

Question 50

Inclusionary zones

Answer 50

City policies that require a certain percentage of new construction to be made specifically for people with low or moderate incomes this can lead to more diverse cultural landscapes in urban areas

Question 51

Gentrification

Answer 51

a process where older Urban zones are rediscovered and renovated by people who move back into the inner city for Suburban fringes
it brings money into Interurban areas thought to be undeveloped and poorer

Question 52

Uneven development

Answer 52

Urban Development that is not spread equally among a city’s areas, leaving some richly developed and others poor

Question 53

Disamenity zones/zones of abandonment

Answer 53

Very poorest part of a city

Question 54

Brownfields

Answer 54

Post industrial city areas that were once developed but are no longer used and can contain suspected pollution or contamination.

Question 55

Where do fresh food and fruit desserts likely happen

Answer 55

urban areas like Disamenity zones and places with concentrated poverty

Question 56

___ and ___ sprawl as more people migrate to cities

Answer 56

Urban and suburban

Question 57

New urbanism

Answer 57

a movement to bring together Trends and Healthy Living sustainable growth in Urban Development

Question 58

One new Urban Trend includes constructing planned communities, what are they

Answer 58

neighborhoods with master planned housing designs, walkable pathways, security features, etc.

Question 59

how do geographers use quantitative data

Answer 59

quantitative data from surveys and census taking provide geographers with information about the population composition and size and urban areas

Question 60

how do geographers use qualitative data

Answer 60

can add deeper understanding to a geographers inquiry into attributes of an area

Question 61

Sustainability

Answer 61

a process in geography where cities pursue design initiatives in policies that promote their ability to grow and function without exhausting their resources