Unit 4

Question 1

Troposphere

Answer 1

Contains gases such as oxygen and nitrogen

Where greenhouse effect takes place
Where weather takes Place

Lowest layerb

Question 2

Stratosphere

Answer 2

Contains ozone layer
Protects us from UV radiation
Second layer

Question 3

What causes the equator to be more moist?

Answer 3

Hadley cells!

Question 4

Earth layers

Answer 4

Crust - outer part
Lithosphere - solid outer layer of the mantle, includes crust
Asthenosphere - partly melted layer of mantle
Conception cells, circulation in the mantle and move the crust

Question 5

Subduction zones

Answer 5

Convergent boundaries
One plate slides under another, usually the denser plate goes under the continental plate
Can form, trenches

Question 6

Transform boundary

Answer 6

One plate sides past another opposite direction, causes earth quakes

Question 7

Divergent boundaries

Answer 7

Two plates pull apart opposite directions, melted mantle fills in new space. Created valleys and ridges

Question 8

What causes tsunamis

Answer 8

Earth plate movement (transform boundaries) in the ocean

Question 9

Magnitude

Answer 9

The severity of an eartgquakes shaking side to side

Question 10

Amplitude

Answer 10

The night of the seismic waves created by a quake

Question 11

ENSO

Answer 11

Occurs when ocean temperatures in the east topical pacific are higher than normal

Question 12

La Niña

Answer 12

Cooler temperatures instead

Question 13

Sedimentary

Answer 13

Compacted prices of dead animals, closer to surface

Question 14

Metamorphic

Answer 14

Reshaped by heat, pressure and chemical changes

Question 15

Igneous

Answer 15

Formed from magma cooling

Question 16

Parent material

Answer 16

Bedrock, low

Question 17

Weathering

Answer 17

Slow breaking down I’d parents material and upper layers of soul caused by climate etc

Question 18

Erosion

Answer 18

Movement of soil from one place to another often by wind and water

Question 19

Porosity (how big are the soil partifles

Answer 19

How quickly soil drains

Clay to silt to sand (fasted deianing)

Question 20

Soil texture triangle

Answer 20

BOOM very important

Question 21

Determine soil type

Answer 21

Take 10 cm of clay, silt, sand. Sand is 6 cm so 60%, silt is 3cm so 30% and clay 1cm, 10% now put it on the triangle and see!

Question 22

Testing porosity

Answer 22

The time it takes to drain, fast is high sand content, slow is clay content

Question 23

Soil horizon

Answer 23

O - organic matter
A - tip soil mixed with organic and minerals
E - where minerals have been leached are deposited
B subsoil mostly minerals
C - weathered soil
R - bedrock

Question 24

Soil horizons, acronym

Answer 24

Only Ants Eat Bread Crumbs Regularly

Question 25

Watersheds

Answer 25

All the land that drains to a particular stream, River, lake, or wetland

Question 26

Runoff

Answer 26

Water moving across the land into a body of water

Question 27

What’s the environmental problem of watersheds and fertilizer

Answer 27

The runoff leads into the place and drops off into a dead zone, the oxygen drains from the lake and algae grows (Mexican gulf and the Mississippi watershed

Question 28

Collision zones

Answer 28

Convergent boundary, causes mountains

Question 29

What happens with hot a cool air

Answer 29

Hot air rises cool air falls

Question 30

Tributaries

Answer 30

Streams that flow into other water

Question 31

Characteristics of watersheds (4)

Answer 31

Area: more area means more production Length and slope: steeper slopes mean more erosion which is bad. But longer length means good enough erosion so the water is filtered Soil: types of soil= amount of runoff Cold water holds more oxygen

Question 32

How to determine healthy watersheds

Answer 32

Ample plant growth Cold Scattered algae Clear wat

Question 33

List the atmosphere layers and they’re main temperature trends or significant features

Answer 33

Troposphere- weather temp decreases with height Stratosphere - ozone layer temp increases with height Mesosphere - temp decreased with height Thermosohere- increases with height Exosphere- temp increases still

Question 34

Describe air pressure and air density

Answer 34

Air pressure is the more you go down the more stuff is being weighted on you Air density is how much stuff is packed into a space

Question 35

Insulation

Answer 35

Solar radiation reaching a given area m, the equator has the most radiation

Question 36

Direct and indirect sunlight

Answer 36

Direct: the sunlight is more concentrated near the equator Indirect-near the piles is more diffused sunlight