unit 4

Question 1

motivation

Answer 1

a need or desire that energizes and directs a behavior

Question 2

evolutionary pscyhology

Answer 2

assumption that our genes are pre-disposed and determine phobias, romantic attractions, and helping behaviors

Question 3

instinct

Answer 3

fixed pattern; complex unlearned behavior that is rigid

Question 3

drive-reduction theory

Answer 3

a physiological need creates a drive that motivates an organism to satisfy the need

Question 4

homeostasis

Answer 4

balance point of drive; maintaining an internal state of regulation of body chemical like blood glucose

Question 5

incentives

Answer 5

a positive or negative stimuli that motivates behavior

Question 6

optimal arousal theory

Answer 6

some motivated behaviors actually increase energy

Question 7

yerkes-dodson law

Answer 7

moderate arousal=optimal performance

Question 8

glucose

Answer 8

form of sugar that circulates in the blood and provide the major source of energy for body tissues; when low=hungry

Question 9

hypothalamus

Answer 9

performs various body maintenance functions; including control of hunger

Question 10

ghrelin

Answer 10

a hunger-arousing hormone
secreted by an empty stomach

Question 11

insulin

Answer 11

hormone secreted by pancreas; controls blood glucose

Question 12

leptin

Answer 12

protein hormone secreted by fat cells, when abundant, causes brain to increase metabolism and decrease hunger

Question 13

orexin

Answer 13

hunger triggering hormone secreted by hypothalamus

Question 14

PYY

Answer 14

digestive tract hormone; sends “i’m not hungry “signals to the brain

Question 15

set point

Answer 15

point at which an individuals weight thermostat is supposedly set

Question 16

basal metabolic rate

Answer 16

the amount of energy your body needs to maintain homeostasis

Question 17

social facilitation

Answer 17

improved performance on simple or well-learned tasks in the presence of others

Question 18

unit bias

Answer 18

how much food is offered in terms of portion affects what a person takes

Question 19

food variety

Answer 19

stimulates eating because of the different food options

Question 20

genetic factors in obesity

Answer 20

your weight is more similar to your parents

Question 21

food and activity factors

Answer 21

people who don’t sleep enough are more likely to be obese, if your leptin level is low, your hunger goes up, if your friend is obese, you are more likely to become obese

Question 22

maslow hierarchy of needs

Answer 22

food, security, love and belonging, self esteem, self actualization

Question 23

james lange theory of emotion

Answer 23

physical changes, then leads to the experience of emotion

Question 24

cannon-bard theory of emotion

Answer 24

physical change and emotion occur simultaneously

Question 25

schacter-singer theory of emotion

Answer 25

arousal and cognition combine to create emotion

Question 26

zajonc-ledoux theory of emotion

Answer 26

emotions occur separately from or prior to our cognitive interpretation of them; feeling fear in response to unexpected loud sound

Question 27

facial feedback effect

Answer 27

emotional experiences are influenced by facial expressions

Question 28

gas

Answer 28

alarm, resistance, and exhaustion

Question 29

effects of oxytocin

Answer 29

reduction of blood pressure and cortisol levels

Question 30

psychophysiological illness

Answer 30

physical diseases that are either brought about or worsened by stress and other emotional factors