Unit 4:

Question 1

Insight learning

Answer 1

Sudden appearance of solution

Question 2

Latent learning

Answer 2

Learning w/o rewards

Question 3

Observational learning

Answer 3

Learning by watching others’ behavior

Question 4

Unconditioned stimulus (UCS)

Answer 4

Reflexively brings UCR

Question 5

Unconditioned response (UCR)

Answer 5

Response that takes place in an organism when UCS occurs

Question 6

Conditioned stimulus (CS)

Answer 6

NS at 1st, when paired w/ UCS elicits CR

Question 7

Conditioned response (CR)

Answer 7

After Conditioning, response when CS presented

Question 8

Taste aversion

Answer 8

Never wanting to eat a food again bc of a negative response

Question 9

Learned helplessness

Answer 9

Feeling of futility bc unable to avoid aversive events

Question 10

Preparedness

Answer 10

Easily learn survival behavior, Slowly learn non natural tendencies

Question 11

Instinctive drift

Answer 11

Drifting back to natural (instinctive) behavior

Question 12

Neutral stimulus

Answer 12

Doesn’t initially elicit response

Question 13

Pairing

Answer 13

Associating stimulus w/ unrelated object

Question 14

Acquisition

Answer 14

Gives known response to NS

Question 15

Extinction

Answer 15

Presenting CS to UCS (repeatedly) leads to NS

Question 16

Spontaneous recovery

Answer 16

After 💀, w/o training, previous CS elecits CR temporarily

Question 17

Stimulus generalization

Answer 17

Stimuli similar to CS also elicit CR w/o training

Question 18

Stimulus discrimination

Answer 18

Able to tell dif btwn stimulus so only CS elicits CR

Question 19

Higher order conditioning

Answer 19

Associating NS when there is already a CS [2 stimuli vs 1]

Question 20

Avoidance behavior

Answer 20

Takes away unpleasant stimulus before it begins

Question 21

Avoidance conditioning

Answer 21

Organism avoids anxiety causing stimulus so anxiety nvr extinct

Question 22

Law of effect

Answer 22

+ Consequences = Strengthened Behavior
- Consequences = Weakened Behavior

Question 23

Positive reinforcement

Answer 23

+ consequence following voluntary behavior increases probability of it repeating

Question 24

Negative reinforcement

Answer 24

removing - consequence following voluntary behavior increases probability of it repeating

Question 25

Immediate reinforcement

Answer 25

Reinforcer presented immediately following behavior

Question 26

Delayed reinforcement

Answer 26

Time delay btwn desired response of organism and delivery of reward

Question 27

Reinforcer

Answer 27

Desirable stimulus or opportunity

Question 28

Primary reinforcer

Answer 28

Something biologically important is rewarding

Question 29

Secondary reinforcer

Answer 29

Something is rewarding b/c associated w/ PR

Question 30

Negative punishment

Answer 30

Removal of a reinforcer in response to unwanted behavior

Question 31

Positive punishment

Answer 31

Aversive stimulus following an undesired behavior

Question 32

Shaping

Answer 32

+ reinforcing desired behavior to teach new behavior

Question 33

Chaining

Answer 33

+ reinforcing each behavior then later only rewarding completed sequence

Question 34

Schedules of reinforcement

Answer 34

Pattern of reward

Question 35

Continuous reinforcement

Answer 35

Reinforcement following specific behavior everytime it is exhibited

Question 36

Partial reinforcement

Answer 36

Occasional reinforcement of a particular behavior

Question 37

Fixed interval schedule

Answer 37

Reinforcement happens after specific and set time

Question 38

Fixed ratio schedule

Answer 38

Reinforcement occurs after specific or set number of responses

Question 39

Variable interval schedule

Answer 39

Reinforcement happens after a varying time

Question 40

Variable ratio schedule

Answer 40

Reinforcement happens after a varying amount of responses has occurred

Question 41

Interval

Answer 41

Time

Question 42

Ratio

Answer 42

Responses

Question 43

Cognitive Learning

Answer 43

Think not just observe

Question 44

Vicarious Reinforcement

Answer 44

likelihood on acting on vicarious learning changes when seeing consequences of others' behvaior

Question 45

Vicarious Punishment

Answer 45

Decrease in behavior's frequency b/c seeing others punished for same actions

Question 46

Bandura

Answer 46

Observational Learning

Question 47

Emotional Learning

Answer 47

Teaching children how to overcome and manage emotions Guiding Children through development

Question 48

S&E L 5 components:

Answer 48

Social Awareness Relationship Skills Self-Awareness Responsible Decision Making Self Management

Question 49

Biofeedback

Answer 49

Cognitive (brain) factors to influence biological factors of stress