Unit 4 (1450-1750)

Question 1

Al-Andulus

Answer 1

Muslim controlled Spain where Muslim ideas spread into Europe

Question 2

Caravel

Answer 2

Small, fast, lateen sailed ships like what Christopher Columbus used for his voyage

Question 3

Prince Henry the Navigator

Answer 3

First European monarch to finance exploration and wanted to find an all-water route to East Asia

Question 4

Vasco de Gama

Answer 4

Portuguese sailor who was the first to sail around the southern tip of Africa and helped establish trade post empires in East Afr./Asia

Question 5

Trade Post Empires

Answer 5

Empires focused on developing small trade post empires instead of controlling land

Question 6

Three G’s of Spanish Conquest

Answer 6

God, Gold, and Glory

Question 7

Northwest Passage

Answer 7

A route to Asia through or around North America

Question 8

What caused voyages to Asia?

Answer 8

Alternatives to the Silk Road, sponsorship, new technologies, and Christopher Columbus discovering the Americas

Question 9

Jacques Cartier

Answer 9

Claimed the St. Lawrence River in Canada for the French who establish trade posts in Quebec

Question 10

John Cabot

Answer 10

Sent by Britain to find a northwest passage and established a colony in the US for Britain

Question 11

Henry Hudson

Answer 11

Dutch explorer who established the New Amsterdam (York City) in the US

Question 12

Old World to New World Exchange

Answer 12

Livestock, diseases (smallpox), grains (wheat), and sugarcane

Question 13

New World to Old World Exchange

Answer 13

Corn (maize), beans, tobacco, and potatoes

Question 14

Columbian Exchange

Answer 14

The exchange of new plants, animals, and diseases between the East and Western Hemispheres

Question 15

Slaves to the New World Exchange

Answer 15

Okra and Rice

Question 16

Great Dying

Answer 16

The large amount of native people who died due to European diseases like measles, small pox, and malaria spread by insects and rats

Question 17

Yams

Answer 17

Caused a population explosion in Africa

Question 18

Cash Crops

Answer 18

Crops produced for their commercial value rather than for the grower such as sugar, tobacco, and cotton

Question 19

Engenhos

Answer 19

Portuguese sugar plantations that relied on slave labor

Question 20

How did some Asian states respond to long-term European-dominated long-distance trade?

Answer 20

By adoption restrictive or isolationist trade policies such as in Japan and China

Question 21

Treaty of Tordesillas

Answer 21

An agreement between Spain and Portugal to divide South America in half

Question 22

Seven Years War

Answer 22

Between France and England for control of northeast US

Question 23

Asante Kingdom

Answer 23

African kingdom that traded gold and slaves with the Portuguese for weapons

Question 24

Kingdom of the Kongo

Answer 24

Traded ivory, copper, and slaves with the Portuguese

Question 25

Triangle Trade

Answer 25

The three legged trade with Europe trading weapons and manufactured goods to Africa, Africa sending slaves to America, and the Americas sending cash crops to Europe

Question 26

Effects of the Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade

Answer 26

Population continued to grow thanks to new crops like maize and there was a gender imbalance b/c more men than women were taken

Question 27

Chattel Slavery

Answer 27

Labor system where slaves were considered personal property to be bought/sold

Question 28

Indentured Servitude

Answer 28

Labor system where people agree to work for a certain length of time in exchange for passage

Question 29

Hacienda system

Answer 29

Spanish version of the feudal system where haciendas were given to Spanish settlers and natives were paid a small wage to work the land

Question 30

Encomienda System

Answer 30

Labor system where colonizers forced indigenous people to work for food, shelter, and Christian education

Question 31

Incan Mit'a System

Answer 31

Adopted by the Spanish to require men to work for the government for a small length of time

Question 32

East African Slave Trade

Answer 32

East Africa traded slaves with Arabs/ME where slaves mainly worked in shipyards or as domestic workers and had more rights

Question 33

Spanish Social Hierarchy

Answer 33

Peninsulares, Creoles, Mestizos (Spanish x Indig.), Mulattoes (Euro. x Afr.), Indigenous people, then Africans

Question 34

What did British colonists seek

Answer 34

Given the leftovers, British colonists wanted to escape European culture, not recreate it and so women had a more prominent role but social class was also sharply defined by skin color and didn't use as much slavery

Question 35

Mercantilism

Answer 35

Economic system that encouraged accumulating precious metals, export based economies, high tariffs, and used colonies as closed markets

Question 36

Joint Stock Companies

Answer 36

Private companies made up of investors who financed trade and exploration by selling shares in the company such as the BEIC or DEIC

Question 37

Monopolies

Answer 37

Often given to joint-stock companies, they gave someone exclusive control to a trade

Question 38

Commercial Revolution

Answer 38

The transformation to an economy using gold and silver (used in Europe to buy Asian goods)

Question 39

Voodoo

Answer 39

A result of interaction between hemispheres; a syncretic religion blending together Catholicism and Africa spiritual practices

Question 40

Santeria

Answer 40

African faith popular in Cuba and Cent. Amer.

Question 41

Candomble

Answer 41

Mixture of Yoruba, Fon, and Bantu beliefs popular in Brazi

Question 42

Cossak Rebellion

Answer 42

Cossacks (runaway serfs under boyar control) had run away because they were being exploited and forced into serfdom since Catherine the Great wanted to "westernize" Russia no matter what

Question 43

Glorious Revolution

Answer 43

English Civil War that removed James II from power and strengthen the power of the Parliament

Question 44

Maroon Wars

Answer 44

An unsuccessful rebellion led by Queen Nanny and other maroons (runaway slaves) in Jamacia against England

Question 45

Vziers

Answer 45

Ottoman bureaucrats who helped the sultan rule

Question 46

Timar

Answer 46

Practice where the Sultan granted land to those he facored

Question 47

Roxlana

Answer 47

Slave girl turned empress whose first son became sultan