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APWH Sem. 2 Final > Unit 4 (1450-1750) > Flashcards

Unit 4 (1450-1750) Flashcards

1
Q

Al-Andulus

A

Muslim controlled Spain where Muslim ideas spread into Europe

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2
Q

Caravel

A

Small, fast, lateen sailed ships like what Christopher Columbus used for his voyage

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3
Q

Prince Henry the Navigator

A

First European monarch to finance exploration and wanted to find an all-water route to East Asia

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4
Q

Vasco de Gama

A

Portuguese sailor who was the first to sail around the southern tip of Africa and helped establish trade post empires in East Afr./Asia

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5
Q

Trade Post Empires

A

Empires focused on developing small trade post empires instead of controlling land

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6
Q

Three G’s of Spanish Conquest

A

God, Gold, and Glory

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7
Q

Northwest Passage

A

A route to Asia through or around North America

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8
Q

What caused voyages to Asia?

A

Alternatives to the Silk Road, sponsorship, new technologies, and Christopher Columbus discovering the Americas

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9
Q

Jacques Cartier

A

Claimed the St. Lawrence River in Canada for the French who establish trade posts in Quebec

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10
Q

John Cabot

A

Sent by Britain to find a northwest passage and established a colony in the US for Britain

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11
Q

Henry Hudson

A

Dutch explorer who established the New Amsterdam (York City) in the US

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12
Q

Old World to New World Exchange

A

Livestock, diseases (smallpox), grains (wheat), and sugarcane

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13
Q

New World to Old World Exchange

A

Corn (maize), beans, tobacco, and potatoes

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14
Q

Columbian Exchange

A

The exchange of new plants, animals, and diseases between the East and Western Hemispheres

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15
Q

Slaves to the New World Exchange

A

Okra and Rice

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16
Q

Great Dying

A

The large amount of native people who died due to European diseases like measles, small pox, and malaria spread by insects and rats

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17
Q

Yams

A

Caused a population explosion in Africa

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18
Q

Cash Crops

A

Crops produced for their commercial value rather than for the grower such as sugar, tobacco, and cotton

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19
Q

Engenhos

A

Portuguese sugar plantations that relied on slave labor

20
Q

How did some Asian states respond to long-term European-dominated long-distance trade?

A

By adoption restrictive or isolationist trade policies such as in Japan and China

21
Q

Treaty of Tordesillas

A

An agreement between Spain and Portugal to divide South America in half

22
Q

Seven Years War

A

Between France and England for control of northeast US

23
Q

Asante Kingdom

A

African kingdom that traded gold and slaves with the Portuguese for weapons

24
Q

Kingdom of the Kongo

A

Traded ivory, copper, and slaves with the Portuguese

25
Q

Triangle Trade

A

The three legged trade with Europe trading weapons and manufactured goods to Africa, Africa sending slaves to America, and the Americas sending cash crops to Europe

26
Q

Effects of the Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade

A

Population continued to grow thanks to new crops like maize and there was a gender imbalance b/c more men than women were taken

27
Q

Chattel Slavery

A

Labor system where slaves were considered personal property to be bought/sold

28
Q

Indentured Servitude

A

Labor system where people agree to work for a certain length of time in exchange for passage

29
Q

Hacienda system

A

Spanish version of the feudal system where haciendas were given to Spanish settlers and natives were paid a small wage to work the land

30
Q

Encomienda System

A

Labor system where colonizers forced indigenous people to work for food, shelter, and Christian education

31
Q

Incan Mit’a System

A

Adopted by the Spanish to require men to work for the government for a small length of time

32
Q

East African Slave Trade

A

East Africa traded slaves with Arabs/ME where slaves mainly worked in shipyards or as domestic workers and had more rights

33
Q

Spanish Social Hierarchy

A

Peninsulares, Creoles, Mestizos (Spanish x Indig.), Mulattoes (Euro. x Afr.), Indigenous people, then Africans

34
Q

What did British colonists seek

A

Given the leftovers, British colonists wanted to escape European culture, not recreate it and so women had a more prominent role but social class was also sharply defined by skin color and didn’t use as much slavery

35
Q

Mercantilism

A

Economic system that encouraged accumulating precious metals, export based economies, high tariffs, and used colonies as closed markets

36
Q

Joint Stock Companies

A

Private companies made up of investors who financed trade and exploration by selling shares in the company such as the BEIC or DEIC

37
Q

Monopolies

A

Often given to joint-stock companies, they gave someone exclusive control to a trade

38
Q

Commercial Revolution

A

The transformation to an economy using gold and silver (used in Europe to buy Asian goods)

39
Q

Voodoo

A

A result of interaction between hemispheres; a syncretic religion blending together Catholicism and Africa spiritual practices

40
Q

Santeria

A

African faith popular in Cuba and Cent. Amer.

41
Q

Candomble

A

Mixture of Yoruba, Fon, and Bantu beliefs popular in Brazi

42
Q

Cossak Rebellion

A

Cossacks (runaway serfs under boyar control) had run away because they were being exploited and forced into serfdom since Catherine the Great wanted to “westernize” Russia no matter what

43
Q

Glorious Revolution

A

English Civil War that removed James II from power and strengthen the power of the Parliament

44
Q

Maroon Wars

A

An unsuccessful rebellion led by Queen Nanny and other maroons (runaway slaves) in Jamacia against England

45
Q

Vziers

A

Ottoman bureaucrats who helped the sultan rule

46
Q

Timar

A

Practice where the Sultan granted land to those he facored

47
Q

Roxlana

A

Slave girl turned empress whose first son became sultan

APWH Sem. 2 Final (8 decks)

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