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Unit 4 Flashcards

Tissues

1
Q

Tissues

A

group of cells with common embryonic origin performing similar function

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2
Q

4 main tissues

A

epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous

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3
Q

Epithelial tissue

A

covering of external body
lines cavities and openings
(avascular)

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4
Q

Layers of cells (epithelial)

A

simple, stratified, and pseudostratified

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5
Q

Simple

A

single layer, minimal wear and tear, found in capillaries and alveoli

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6
Q

Stratified

A

several layers
high degree of wear and tear protection

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7
Q

Pseudostratified

A

one layer but looks like many layers
not all cells reach free surface
goblet cells

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8
Q

Squamous

A

flat, scale like

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9
Q

cuboidal

A

box or cube like

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10
Q

Columnar

A

column or rectangular like

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11
Q

Connective tissue

A

binding and supporting tissue
composed of collagen
vascular

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12
Q

Adipose tissue

A

stores fat
major energy reserve
protects and insulates

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13
Q

Cartilage tissue

A

Avascular
chondrocytes (mature cartilage cells)
Hyaline
Fibrocartilage
Elastic

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14
Q

Hyaline cartilage

A

found at ends of long bones

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15
Q

Fibro cartilage

A

shock absorption
found in pubic symphysis and intervertebral disks

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16
Q

Elastic cartilage

A

structural cartilage
mains shapes of organs like ear and nose

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17
Q

Dense fibrous tissue

A

Connects muscles and bones
parallel fashion
components of
tendons
ligaments

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18
Q

Vascular tissue

A

Mostly fluid
blood cells
Red blood cells
White blood cells

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19
Q

Osseous (one tissue)

A

specialized cells:
osteoblasts
osteocytes
osteoclasts
mineral salts:
calcium carbonate
2 bone tissues:
compact bone
spongy bone

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20
Q

spongy bone

A

densely packed
trabeculae
hematopoiesis(creation of blood)

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21
Q

Muscle tissue

A

muscle cells
chemical energy to mechanical energy
3 types:
skeletal
cardiac
smooth

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22
Q

Skeletal muscle

A

attached to bones
striated(striped)
voluntary

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23
Q

Cardiac muscle

A

bulk of heart wall
striated
involuntary
intercalated discs

24
Q

Smooth muscle

A

hollow structures and organs:
intestines
stomach
bladder
non-striated

25
Nervous tissue
conducts electrical signals neuron transmits impulses to: other neurons glands muscle fibers
26
Nerve cells(neuron) neuroglia (other cells)
Cell body - nucleus axons - away from cell body dendrites - toward cell body
27
Exocrine glands
Secrete products into ducts EX: goblet cell secrete mucus
28
Endocrine glands
secretes substances into bloodstream ductless glands thyroid glands adrenal glands pituitary glands
29
4 membranes
Mucous serous synovial cutaneous
30
mucous membrane
Lines structures with opening to external environment prevents cavities from drying out
31
Serous membranes
Surrounds and protects organs Lines body cavities that don't open external environment 2 layers: visceral organ layer - covers organs parietal layer - attached to cavity wall
32
Synovial membrane
surrounds joints no epithelial tissue
33
Cutaneous membrane
skin sudoriferous glands - sweat sebaceous glands - oil ceruminous glands - ear wax
34
4 main parts of skin
Skin Glands Hair Nails
35
Skin
Vitamin D main function of maintaining body temp heat: vasodilation, perspiration Cold: vasoconstriction, shivering
36
Glands
sebaceous - oil sudoriferous glands - sweat Apocrine sweat glands Eccrine sweat glands
37
Apocrine glands
located in skin of axilla, pubic region, pigments areas thickened sweat growth of bacteria
38
Eccrine glands
distributed throughout the body watery sweat in response to body temp
39
Hair (structures and functions)
Growths from epidermis protects helps regulate body temp touch receptors with hair follicles
40
Hair (anatomy)
Shaft- above surface of skin Root - below skin Bulb - onion shaped Papilla - blood vessels, verves enter/exit Matrix - area of cell division and hair growth
41
Nails (structure and function)
tightly packed, hard, keratinized cells clear solid covering over dorsal provides protection to ends of digits grasps small objects
42
Nails (anatomy)
nail body - visilble free edge - extends beyond digit root- hidden in proximal nail groove lunula - end of nail body eponychium- cuticle nail matrix - epithelium at end of nail
43
Epidermis
outer layer of skin avascular stratified squamous epithelium
44
Cells of epidermis (2)
keratinocytes -produces keratin -waterproof skin -protective barrier Melanocytes -produces melanin -protection from sunlight
45
Layers of skin
Epidermis -Basale -spinosum -granulosum -lucidum -corneum Dermis -papillary -reticular
46
dermis
skin under epidermis contains blood vessels hair follicles, and nerve endings
47
Arrector pili muscle
bundle of smooth muscles hair stand up when contracted -cold -scared -emotions
48
Receptors in skin
distal ends of neurons receive info about environment
49
Subcutaneous layer
not part of true skin called hypodermis contains nerve endings
50
Sudoriferous glands
glands secrete sweat regulates body temp
51
sebaceous glands
oily substance called sebum mixture of fats cholesterol protein inorganic salts
52
skin cancer
cancerous growths skin tissue exposure to sun 3 types of skin cancer: basal squamous malignant -most dangerous
53
decubitus ulcers
bed sores pressure sores prolonged ressure in blood boney projection
54
Eczema
skin condition itchy inflame patches of skin
55
Lesion
any abnormality in tissue
56
burns
1st degree - redness, damage to epidermis 2nd degree - blisters, damage epidermis and in dermis 3rd degree - black and cherry red, destroys epidermis and dermis

Med Anatomy (18 decks)

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