Unit 5

Question 1

6 main functions

Answer 1

Supports body
Protects vital organs
Allows movement
Stores minerals
Aids red blood cell production
stores chemical energy

Question 2

Osteoblasts

Answer 2

form bone by depositing minerals

Question 3

Osteocytes

Answer 3

maintain bone tissue/bone cells

Question 4

Osteoclasts

Answer 4

breakdown bone tissue
Reabsorbing old bone

Question 5

Ossification

Answer 5

how bone forms

Question 6

Intramembranous ossification

Answer 6

convert membrane models to bone

Question 7

Endochondral ossification

Answer 7

convert cartilage to bone

Question 8

Periosteum

Answer 8

outer connective tissue membrane covering out surface of most bone

Question 9

Diaphysis

Answer 9

shaft or midsection of bone- bone marrow/adipose tissue

Question 10

Articular Cartilage

Answer 10

hyaline cartilage found on ends of long bones to reduce friction during joint movement

Question 11

Medullary cavity

Answer 11

central cavity in diaphysis contains red bone and yellow bone marrow

Question 12

Red Bone Marrow

Answer 12

soft, gel-like hematopoietic tissue fills diaphysis and produces red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets

Question 13

Yellow Bone Marrow

Answer 13

adipose tissue will replace red bone marrow in diaphysis of long bones during adulthood

Question 14

Bone shapes

Answer 14

long bones
short bones
flat bones
irregular bones
–sesamoid

Question 15

Long Bones

Answer 15

Long
distinct diaphysis and number of epiphysis
EX: humerus, femur, fibula, metatarsals, and phalanges

Question 16

Short Bones

Answer 16

Cube shaped
nearly equal length and width
Spongy texture on inside
EX: carpal and tarsal

Question 17

Flat Bones

Answer 17

Thin and flat
anterior and posterior surface w/ spongy bone in middle
provides protection
EX: Sabula, Carnal and sternum

Question 18

Irregular Bones

Answer 18

complex shaped
cannot be classified
vary amount of spongy and compact
EX: vertebra and sphenoid

Question 19

Sesamoid Bone

Answer 19

Tiny
seed shaped around body

Question 20

Bone Makings

Answer 20

bump, groove, opening, and depression associated

Question 21

Foramen

Answer 21

hole/opening for nerves and blood vessels
EX: foramen Magnum

Question 22

Meatus

Answer 22

Tube-like passage
EX: Auditory meatus

Question 23

Sinus

Answer 23

Space within a bone
EX: Frontal sinus

Question 24

Fossa

Answer 24

Depression/groove in bone
EX: Glenoid fossa

Question 25

Condyle

Answer 25

Large rounded prominence on bone a large, rounded, knuckle-like prominence usually where bones articulate EX: Greater tubercle of humerus

Question 26

Tuberosity

Answer 26

Large, rounded, roundhand attachment of tendons/ ligaments Ex: Tibial

Question 27

Trochanter

Answer 27

Large blunt process found on femur Ex: greater trochanters of femur

Question 28

Tubercle

Answer 28

Small rounded projection for muscle Ex: greater trochanters of humerus

Question 29

Process

Answer 29

Growth or extension from bone EX: mastoid process of temporal bone

Question 30

Fontanels

Answer 30

infants soft spots EX: Anterior fontanel

Question 31

Sutures

Answer 31

strong/joints of cranial bones EX: coronal suture

Question 32

Axial Skeleton

Answer 32

80 bones and forms skull - 22 bones vertebrae - 24 bones ribcage - 24 bones hyoid bone - 1

Question 33

Appendicular

Answer 33

126 bones helps in locomotion - pelvic girdle and lower limbs manipulation of objects in environment - pectoral girdle and upper limbs

Question 34

Joints (Articulations)

Answer 34

point of contact between bones bones and cartilage bones and fibrous

Question 35

Fibrous joints

Answer 35

held together by connective tissues EX: sutures

Question 36

Cartilaginous joints

Answer 36

held together by cartilage EX: vertebral disc

Question 37

Synovial joints

Answer 37

Joint capsule Ex: elbow joints and knee joints and fingers

Question 38

Synarthroses

Answer 38

no movement EX: sutures

Question 39

Amphiarthroses

Answer 39

Small or slight movement Ex: intervertebral disks

Question 40

Diarthroses

Answer 40

Freely moveable joints EX: Elbow, shoulder

Question 41

Diseases

Answer 41

Osteoarthritis Osteoporosis Scoliosis Kyphosis Lordosis

Question 42

Osteoarthritis

Answer 42

Joint disease w/ aging or trauma

Question 43

Osteoporosis

Answer 43

Decrease in bone mass and density increase susceptibility of fractures Contributing factors- , poor nutrition, low activity levels, weight Treatment

Question 44

Maxilla

Answer 44

considered a facial bone

Question 45

temporal

Answer 45

considered a cranial bone